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Park-to-Reverse Defect is a term used to describe several scenarios in which cars with automatic transmission can fail to properly engage the parking mechanism, causing the vehicle to unintentionally roll, sometimes resulting in injury or vehicular accidents. The term has significance in product liability law, and in a number of major cases in the United States have been brought in which car manufacturers 〔LA Times (November 09, 2001) Safety Probe of Jeep Grand Cherokees Widens | http://articles.latimes.com/2001/nov/09/news/mn-2189〕〔Center for Auto Safety (October 6, 1980) Ford Transmissions Failure to Hold in Park | http://www.autosafety.org/ford-transmissions-failure-hold-park〕〔Park to Reverse Vehicle Defect - Who's affected | http://www.parktoreverse.com/whos-affected.html〕 were accused of negligence for not addressing an alleged dangerous flaw in the transmission. A "Park-to-Reverse" situation involves a driver who believes that they have shifted into "park" and believing so, and the vehicle not moving when they pull their foot off the brake, proceeds to exit the vehicle. There can then be a delay in vehicle movement sufficient for the driver to either fully or partially exit the vehicle before the vehicle moves. Typically, the vehicle will move backwards. However, when on certain vehicles the shift selector can be placed ''between'' the detented park and reverse gear positions; i.e. in "false park" the transmission is in hydraulic neutral, without the parking pawl engaged. As such the vehicle can also roll either forward or back in neutral. While less common, transmissions with the defect, can also be shifted to between "neutral" and "drive", and then self shift into "drive" or roll (called a "neutral to drive" accident). "Park-to-Reverse" issues are nearly always caused by several possible design flaws in a vehicle's transmission which makes it possible for a driver to unknowingly place the vehicle's shift selector into a position in between the ''"park"'' and ''"reverse"'' gear positions. Yet rather than being in "park', this area is a transitional zone between gears, which is sometimes called "false park".〔U.S. Department of Transportation - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration ODI Resume (Aug 26, 2004) | http://www-odi.nhtsa.dot.gov/acms/cs/jaxrs/download/doc/ACM5654686/INCR-EA04025-23767P.pdf〕〔U.S. Department of Transportation - (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Final Report VRTC-DCD5083 Unintended Powered Roll-away in Reverse After Parking - Dodge Ram Pickup Track )〕 When a vehicle's transmission is in false park, it may appear to the driver that the vehicle is fully locked in park. However, on vehicles with this defect the transmission is neither in park nor in hydraulic reverse. Instead, it is in neutral, an unstable position between the two gears.〔(''Ford Transmissions Failure Hold Park'' ), Center for Auto Safety (Jun 10, 1980)]〕 ==Risks== From this false park position, slight movements in the vehicle, vibration, or the build up of hydraulic pressure in the transmission can then cause the vehicle to reengage powered reverse after a delay from a few seconds to longer periods of time (what is called a "self shift"). This will cause the vehicle to suddenly and without warning move backwards unexpectedly under engine power.〔(National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA, EA01-017) Final Report "Unintended Powered Roll-Away In Reverse After Parking - Jeep Grand Cherokee ) at Scribd〕 If the driver has exited the vehicle with the engine running (to for example retrieve an item, open a gate or close a garage door, etc.), a vehicle in false park can shift into powered reverse from a few seconds to several minutes or longer, after the driver has exited, and then run over the driver or a bystander.〔(Chrysler engineer & ODI investigator both acknowledge defect exists (again in Chrysler vehicles) ODI Resume (INOA-EA01017-11717) Inadvertent Roll-away in Reverse When Parked - Jeep Grand Cherokee ) at Scribd〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Park-to-reverse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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