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Parousia
Parousia (; (ギリシア語:παρουσία)) is an ancient Greek word meaning presence, arrival, or official visit.〔(Entry for parousia in the Liddell–Scott lexicon )〕〔James D. G. Dunn The Theology of Paul the Apostle 2006 p. 299. "They themselves are his "hope, joy, and crown of boasting before our Lord Jesus at his coming (parousia)" (2.19). ... The parousia imagery here and in the subsequent passages is probably that of the visit of a high-ranking official or ruler to a "〕
==Classical usage==
From the Ptolemaic period to the second century of the common era "parousia' was used in the East as a technical expression to denote the arrival or visit of a king or emperor, and celebrated the glory of the sovereign publicly. In memory of the visit of Emperor Nero to the cities of Patras and Corinth, advent coins were struck that carried the legend ''Adventus Augusti Corinth''. The Greek word parousia here corresponded to the Latin word advent. The numerous journeyings of the Emperor Hadrian were celebrated by many advent coins, and often new eras were reckoned from date of the parousia.〔Adolf Deissmann: Light from the Ancient East. Hodder and Stoughton. London. 1927.〕
# ''Physical presence, arrival'' – The main use is the physical presence of a person,〔LSJ A. presence, of persons, δεσπότου, etc., A.Pers. 169, etc. ; ἀνδρῶν π., = ἄνδρες οἱ παρόντες, E.Alc.606 ; πόλις μείζων τῆς ἡμετέρας π., = ἡμῶν τῶν παρόντων, Th.6.86 ; παρουσίαν μὲν οἶσθα . . φίλων, ὡς οὔτις ἡμῖν ἐστιν, i.e. that we have no friends present to assist us, S.El.948 ; of things, “κακῶν” E.Hec.227, Ar.Th.1049 ; “ἀγαθῶν” Pl.Grg.497e : abs., παρουσίαν ἔχειν, = παρεῖναι, S.Aj.540 ; “τὰ τῆς τύχης . . κοινὰς () τὰς παρουσίας” D.Prooem.39 ; “αὐτὸ τὸ ἀγαθὸν () τῇ π. τοῖς ἄλλοις τοῦ ἀγαθὰ εἶναι” Arist.EE1217b5, cf. Pl.Phd. 100d, etc.〕 which where that person is not already present refers to the prospect of the physical arrival of that person,〔LSJ "2. arrival, ἡμῶν κοινόπουν π. S.El.1104, cf. E.Alc.209, Th.1.128 ; “εἰς Ἰταλίαν” D.H.1.45〕 especially the visit of a royal or official personage〔LSJ "βασιλέως, etc., PTeb.48.14 (ii B. C.), IPE12.32A85 (Olbia, iii B.C.), etc.; of a god, IG42(1).122.34(Epid.).〕 and sometimes as an extension of this usage, a formal "occasion".〔LSJ "3. occasion, v.l. in S. El.1251. 4. π. τισὶ ποιεῖσθαι entertain them on their official visits, OGI139.9 (Philae, ii B.C.).〕 In astrological usage it refers to the presence of a planet at a point on the zodiac.〔, “ἤτοι κατὰ παρουσίαν ἢ κατὰ συμμαρτυρίαν” Vett.Val.49.26.〕
# ''Property'' – A less common and distinct secondary meaning is to refer to a person's material substance, property, or inheritance,〔“ὡς . . ἔχομεν παρουσίας” Pl.Com.177, cf. Men.471 ; “π. χρημάτων” Crates Com.16.〕 including contribution in money.〔, Sch. Luc.Phal.1.3 (pl.).〕
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