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A parterre is a formal garden constructed on a level surface, consisting of planting beds, typically in symmetrical patterns, separated and connected by gravel pathways. Beds may be edged in stone or tightly clipped hedging and may not contain flowers. French parterres originated in 15th-century gardens of the French Renaissance often taking the form of knot gardens. Later, during the 17th century Baroque era, they became more elaborate and more stylised. The French parterre reached its highest development at Versailles; this inspired many other similar parterres throughout Europe. ==History== The parterre was developed in France by Claude Mollet, the founder of a dynasty of nurserymen-designers that lasted deep into the 18th century. His inspiration in developing the 16th-century patterned ''compartimens''—simple interlaces formed of herbs, either open and infilled with sand or closed and filled with flowers—was the painter Etienne du Pérac, who returned from Italy to the château of Anet, where he and Mollet were working. About 1595 Mollet introduced compartment-patterned parterres to royal gardens at Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Fontainebleau; the fully developed scrolling embroidery-like ''parterres en broderie'' appear for the first time in Alexandre Francini’s engraved views of the revised planting plans at Fontainebleau and Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1614.〔http://www.doaks.org/Evelyn/evel009.pdf〕 Clipped box met with resistance from garden patrons for its "naughtie smell" as the herbalist Gervase Markham described it. By 1638, Jacques Boyceau described the range of designs in box a gardener should be able to provide: Parterres are the low embellishments of gardens, which have great grace, especially when seen from an elevated position: they are made of borders of several shrubs and sub-shrubs of various colours, fashioned in different manners, as compartments, foliage, embroideries (''passements''), moresques, arabesques, grotesques, guilloches, rosettes, sunbursts (''gloires''), escutcheons, coats-of-arms, monograms and emblems (''devises'') By the 1630s, elaborate ''parterres de broderie'' appeared at Wilton House, so magnificent that they were engraved—the only trace of them that remains. ''Parterres de pelouse'' or ''parterres de gazon'' refer to cutwork parterres of low-growing herbs like camomile as much as to the close-scythed grass. An ''alley of compartiment'' is that which separates the squares of a parterre. Parterre gardening fell out of favour in the 18th century and was superseded by the naturalistic English landscape garden, which emerged in England in the 1720s. However, in the 19th century parterre gardening experienced a revival, coinciding with Neo-Renaissance architecture and the fashion for carpet bedding, which was realized by mass planting of non-hardy flowering annuals that were set out anew at the start of each season and provided blocks of color that made up the design. Flat surfaces were required, and a raised terrace from which to view the design, and so the parterre was reborn in a modified style. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Parterre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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