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Parvati (Devanagari: , IAST: Pārvatī) is the Hindu goddess of love, fertility and devotion. She is the goddess of divine strength and power. 〔H.V. Dehejia, Parvati: Goddess of Love, Mapin, ISBN 978-8185822594〕〔James Hendershot, Penance, Trafford, ISBN 978-1490716749, pp 78〕〔Suresh Chandra (1998), Encyclopaedia of Hindu Gods and Goddesses, ISBN 978-8176250399, pp 245-246〕 She is the gentle and nurturing aspect of the Hindu goddess Shakti. She is the mother goddess in Hinduism and has many attributes and aspects. Each of her aspects is expressed with a different name, giving her over 100 names in regional Hindu mythologies of India.〔 Along with Lakshmi (goddess of wealth and prosperity) and Saraswati (goddess of knowledge and learning), she forms the trinity of Hindu goddesses.〔Frithjof Schuon (2003), Roots of the Human Condition, ISBN 978-0941532372, pp 32〕 Parvati is the wife of the Hindu deity Shiva - the destroyer, recycler and regenerator of universe and all life.〔Edward Balfour, , The Encyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, pp 153〕 She is the daughter of the mountain king ''Himavan'' and mother ''Mena''.〔H.V. Dehejia, Parvati: Goddess of Love, Mapin, ISBN 978-8185822594, pp 11〕 Parvati is the mother of Hindu deities Ganesha and Karttikeya. Her elder sister is the goddess Ganges.〔William J. Wilkins, (Uma - Parvati ), Hindu Mythology - Vedic and Puranic, Thacker Spink London, pp 295〕 Some communities also believe her to be the adopted sister of Vishnu.〔Edward Washburn Hopkins, , pp. 224-226〕 With Śiva, Pārvatī (Durga) is a central deity in the Saivism sect of Hinduism. In Hindu belief, she is the recreative energy and power of Śiva, and she is the cause of a bond that connects all beings and a means of their spiritual release.〔Ananda Coomaraswamy, Saiva Sculptures, Museum of Fine Arts Bulletin, Vol. 20, No. 118 (Apr., 1922), pp 17〕〔Stella Kramrisch (1975), The Indian Great Goddess, History of Religions, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 261〕 In Hindu temples dedicated to her and Śiva, she is symbolically represented as ''argha'' or ''yoni''.〔 She is found extensively in ancient Indian literature, and her statues and iconography grace ancient and medieval era Hindu temples all over South Asia and Southeast Asia.〔Hariani Santiko, The Goddess Durgā in the East-Javanese Period, Asian Folklore Studies, Vol. 56, No. 2 (1997), pp. 209-226〕〔Ananda Coomaraswamy, Saiva Sculptures, Museum of Fine Arts Bulletin, Vol. 20, No. 118 (Apr., 1922), pp 15-24〕 ==Etymology and nomenclature== ''Parvata'' is one of the Sanskrit words for "mountain"; "Parvati" derives her name from being the daughter of king Himavan (also called Himavat, ''Parvat'') and mother ''Mena''.〔〔 King Parvat is considered lord of the mountains and the personification of the Himalayas; Parvati implies "she of the mountain".〔 Parvati is known by many names in Hindu literature.〔 Other names which associate her with mountains are ''Shailaja'' (Daughter of the mountains), ''Adrija'' or ''Nagajaa'' or ''Shailaputri'' (Daughter of Mountains), 'Haimavathi' (Daughter of Himavan) and 'Girija' or 'Girirajaputri' (Daughter of king of the mountains).〔Kinsley p.41〕 The Lalita sahasranama contains a listing of 1,000 names of Parvati (as Lalita).〔Keller and Ruether (2006), Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0253346858, pp 663〕 Two of Parvati's most famous epithets are Uma and Aparna. The name Uma is used for Sati (Shiva's first wife, who is reborn as Parvati) in earlier texts, but in the Ramayana, it is used as a synonym for Parvati. In the Harivamsa, Parvati is referred to as Aparna ('One who took no sustenance') and then addressed as Uma, who was dissuaded by her mother from severe austerity by saying u mā ('oh, don't').〔Wilkins pp.240-1〕 She is also Ambika ('dear mother'), Shakti (power), Mataji ('revered mother'), Maheshwari ('great goddess'), Durga (invincible), Bhairavi ('ferocious'), Bhavani ('fertility and birthing'), Shivaradni ('Queen of Shiva'), and many hundreds of others. Parvati is also the goddess of love and devotion, or Kamakshi; the goddess of fertility, abundance and food/nourishment, or Annapurna.〔Kinsley pp. 142-143〕 The apparent contradiction that Parvati is addressed as the fair one, Gauri, as well as the dark one, Kali or Shyama, has been explained by the following legend: Once, Shiva rebuked Parvati about her dark complexion. An angry Parvati left him and underwent severe austerities to become fair-complexioned as a boon from Brahma.〔Kennedy p.334〕 Regional stories of Gauri suggest an alternate origin for Gauri's name and complexion. In parts of India, Gauri's skin color is golden or yellow in honor of her being the goddess of ripened corn/harvest and of fertility.〔Edward Balfour, , The Encyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, pp 381〕〔Ernest Payne (1997), The Saktas: An Introductory and Comparative Study, Dover, ISBN 978-0486298665, pp 7-8, 13-14〕 ''Parvati'' is sometimes spelled as ''Parvathy'' or ''Parvaty''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Parvati」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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