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Pasta ((:ˈpasta)) is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily. It is also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes. Typically, pasta is a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water or eggs and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked by boiling or baking. It can also be made with flour from other cereals or grains. Pastas may be divided into two broad categories, dried (''pasta secca'') and fresh (''pasta fresca''). Most dried pasta is commercially produced via an extrusion process. Fresh pasta was traditionally produced by hand, sometimes with the aid of simple machines,〔Hazan, Marcella (1992) ''Essentials of Classic Italian Cooking'', Knopf, ISBN 0-394-58404-X〕 but today many varieties of fresh pasta are also commercially produced by large-scale machines, and the products are widely available in supermarkets. Both dried and fresh pasta come in a number of shapes and varieties, with 310 specific forms known variably by over 1300 names having been documented.〔Zanini De Vita, Oretta, ''Encyclopedia of Pasta'', University of California Press, ISBN 9780520255227〕 In Italy the names of specific pasta shapes or types often vary with locale. For example, the form ''cavatelli'' is known by 28 different names depending on region and town. Common forms of pasta include long shapes, short shapes, tubes, flat shapes and sheets, miniature soup shapes, filled or stuffed, and specialty or decorative shapes.〔Hazan, Giuliano (1993) ''The Classic Pasta Cookbook'', Dorling Kindersley, ISBN 1564582922〕 As a category in Italian cuisine, both fresh and dried pastas are classically used in one of three kinds of prepared dishes. As ''pasta asciutta'' (or pastasciutta) cooked pasta is plated and served with a complementary sauce or condiment. A second classification of pasta dishes is ''pasta in brodo'' in which the pasta is part of a soup-type dish. A third category is ''pasta al forno'' in which the pasta incorporated into a dish that is subsequently baked. Pasta is generally a simple dish, but comes in many varieties due to its versatility. Some pasta dishes are served as a first course in Italy because the portion sizes are small and simple. Pasta is also prepared in light lunches, such as salads or large portion sizes for dinner. It can be prepared by hand or food processor and served hot or cold. Pasta sauces vary in taste, color and texture. When choosing which type of pasta and sauce to serve together, there is a general rule regarding compatibility. Simple sauces like pesto are ideal for long and thin strands of pasta while tomato sauce combines well with thicker pastas. Thicker and chunkier sauces have the better ability to cling onto the holes and cuts of short, tubular, twisted pastas. The extra sauce left on the plate after all of the pasta is eaten is often mopped up with a piece of bread. ==Etymology== First attested in English in 1874, the word ''pasta'' comes from Italian ''pasta'', in turn from Latin ''pasta'' "dough, pastry cake", itself the latinisation of the Greek παστά (''pasta'') "barley porridge". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pasta」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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