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Patañjali is a proper Indian name. Several important Sanskrit works are ascribed to one or more authors of this name, and a great deal of scholarship has been devoted over the last century or so to the issue of disambiguation.〔 lists ten separate authors by the name of "Patañjali."〕 Amongst the more important authors called Patañjali are:〔Jonardon Ganeri, ''Artha: Meaning'', Oxford University Press 2006, 1.2, p. 12〕〔S. Radhakrishnan, and C.A. Moore, (1957). ''A Source Book in Indian Philosophy''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University, ch. XIII, Yoga, p. 453〕〔Gavin A. Flood, 1996.〕 * The author of the ''Mahābhāṣya'', an advanced treatise on Sanskrit grammar and linguistics framed as a commentary on Kātyāyana's ''vārttika''s (short comments) on Pāṇini's ''Aṣṭādhyāyī''. This Patañjali's life is the only one which can be securely dated (as one of the grammatical examples he uses makes reference to the siege of the town of Sāketā by the Greeks, an event known from other sources to have taken place around 120 BC). * The compiler of the Yoga Sūtras , an important collection of aphorisms on Yoga practice,〔The most up-to-date (September 2013) scholarship on the Yogasūtras and the first commentary (bhāṣya) is 〕 who according to some historians was a notable person of Samkhya,〔Dasgupta, Surendranath (1992). A History of Indian Philosophy, Volume 1, p.229 (). Motilal Banarsidass Publications. ISBN 8120804120〕〔Phillips, Stephen H.,(2013). Yoga, Karma, and Rebirth: A Brief History and Philosophy. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231519478 ()〕 contemporaneous with Ishvarakrishna's Samkhya-karika around 400 CE.〔 He was native to Kashmir. *Patanjali is one of the 18 siddhars in the Tamil siddha (Shaiva) tradition. * The author of an unspecified work of medicine (''āyurveda''). In some Sanskrit grammatical works, Patañjali is called "the man from Gonarda". Gonarda is the ancient name of Gonda - a district of Uttar Pradesh, about 50 km north of Ayodhya. Greek chronicles mention about Paatanjali, when they laid their siege on Saket i.e. Ayodhya in 2nd century BC. This implies that Paatanjali most probably was from Gonda, a district of immense importance where Buddha and Mahaavira resided. In fact Shravasti, just off Gonda, further to north, was a center of power during that millennium and was the capital of the said Janapad. Beside, this was an area of traditional Sanskrit learning. Some hold the view that he was born at the "Gonarda" situated at Thiru Kona Malai, Sri Lanka. This tradition is corroborated in Tirumular's seventh-century Tamil ''Tirumandhiram'', which describes him as hailing from ''Then Kailasam'' (Koneswaram temple, Trincomalee), and tradition has him visiting the Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram, where he wrote the ''Charana Shrungarahita Stotram'' on Nataraja. ==Name== The compound name Patañjali has been explained by Sanskrit commentators in two ways. The first explanation of the word is ''añjalau patan iti patañjali'' (Patañjali is one falling into folded hands), which is a ''mayūravyaṁsakādi'' compound with ''śakandhvādi'' Sandhi. The name comes from a legend about his birth which says that Śeṣa, the divine serpent-king, incarnated as a snakelet and fell into the folded hands (Anjali Mudra) of a Brahmin.〔 The second explanation parses the word as a Bahuvrihi compound ''patanto namaskāryatvena janānāmañjalayo yasmin viṣaye sa'' (He for whom the folded hands of people are falling is Patañjali).〔 The compound name Patan jali: "Patan" is 'bank' and "Jal" is 'water', in the Sindhi language of the Indus Valley Civilization. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Patanjali」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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