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Pataliputra
Pataliputra (IAST: ), adjacent to modern-day Patna, was a city in ancient India, originally built by Magadha ruler Ajatashatru in 490 BCE as a small fort () near the Ganges river.〔.〕
Extensive archaeological excavations have been made in the vicinity of modern Patna.〔"Patna". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 13 Dec. 2013 .〕 Excavations early in the 20th century around Patna revealed clear evidence of large fortification walls, including reinforcing wooden trusses.〔Valerie Hansen ''Voyages in World History, Volume 1 to 1600, 2e, Volume 1'' pp. 69 Cengage Learning, 2012〕
==Etymology==
The etymology of Pataliputra is unclear. "Putra" means son, and "" is a species of rice or the plant ''Bignonia suaveolens''.〔(Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Pāṭali ), () (a junior synonym of ''Stereospermum colais '' ())〕 One traditional etymology〔(Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, p.677 )〕 holds that the city was named after the plant.〔''Folklore'', Vol. 19, No. 3 (30 September 1908), (pp. 349–350 )〕 Another tradition says that means the son of , who was the daughter of Raja Sudarshan.〔(The Calcutta Review Vol LXXVI (1883), p.218 )〕 As it was known as (" village") originally, some scholars believe that is a transformation of , " town".〔''Language'', Vol. 4, No. 2 (June , 1928), (pp. 101–105 )〕
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