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The payada is competitive composing and singing of verses native to Argentina, Uruguay, southern Brasil, and parts of Paraguay, also called paya in Chile. It is a performance of improvised ten-line verse called Décimas usually accompanied by guitar. The performer is called a "payador", and in performances two or more payadores will compete to produce the most eloquent verse, each answering questions posed by the other, often insulting. The durations of these verse duels can be exceedingly long, often many hours, and they end when one payador fails to respond immediately to his opponent.〔R.Fernández Manzano y otros: ''El trovo de la Alpujarra''. Ed. Centro de Documentación Musical de Andalucía, 1992, pág. 27〕 Musical styles often used in the ''payada'' are the ''cifra'' and the ''milonga''. 〔The Garland Handbook of Latin American Music, Volume 1 By Dale Alan Olsen, Daniel Edward Sheeh p. 398〕 == History == The work of Bartolomé Hidalgo (born in Montevideo in 1788) is considered a precedent of his form of art in the Río de la Plata. Hidalgo has been regarded as the first gaucho poet. His birthdate, August 24, was established as the "Day of Payador" in Uruguay.〔(Uruguayan Law 16.764 )〕〔("Especial del Día del Payador" ) on Chasque.net〕 in Argentina, July 23 was set as "Day of Payador" in commemoration of the famous payada where Juan Nava and Gabino Ezeiza competed. The payada was held in Paysandú in 1884 and Ezeiza was proclaimed winner with the improvisation of his famous ''Salute to Paysandú''. The song is also the only existing recorded voice of Ezeiza.〔("Salute a Paysandú" by Gabino Ezeiza ) on Youtube〕 The first registered payador was Simón Méndez (nicknamed ''Guasquita''), a soldier that fought in the British invasions of the River Plate.〔("La payada, un arte que cautiva y sorprende" ), ''La Nación'' (Buenos Aires), 20 Mar 1999〕 Both in Argentina and Uruguay, the payada is considered part of the "gauchesca" culture. Santos Vega (whom writer Rafael Obligado dedicated his most famous poem) is considered "the" payador per excellence, with successors such as Gabino Ezeiza, José Betinoti, Carlos Molina, Abel Soria, Julio Gallego, Gabino Sosa Benítez, Cayetano Daglio, among others. The payada has also been parodied by comedy-musical group Les Luthiers in their ''Payada de la Vaca''〔(''Payada de la vaca'' ) on Les Luthiers official web〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Payada」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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