|
Paao is either a figure from a Hawaiian legend or a historical character. He is said to have been a high priest from Kahiki, specifically "Wawau" and "'Upolu." In Hawaiian prose and chant, the term "Kahiki" is applied in reference to any land outside of Hawai'i, although the linguistic root is conclusively derived from Tahiti. "Wawau" and "'Upolu" point to actual places in the Society Islands, Samoa, and/or Tonga, although Hawaiian scholars and royal commentators consistently claim Paao came from either Samoa or Tahiti, or even that he was a Tahitian resident of Samoan origin. King Kalākaua, in his ''Legends and Myths of Hawai'i'', clearly defined the lineage of "Tahitian" chiefs and those aristocrats and priests descended from "Samoa" (i.e. Paao and Pilikaaiea). Accounts recorded by Mary Kawena Pukui, David Malo, Abraham Fornander, Kanuikaikaina, and other custodians of Hawaiian lore support the notion that Pili and Pa'ao came from the islands known today as Samoa. Legends suggest that Paao introduced certain customs (such as human sacrifice and veneration of the bonito fish) to Hawaii. He is also said to have brought a "pure" chief to rule over the Hawaiians. ==Documented history of the story of Paao== The Paao story makes its first documented historical appearance in 1835–1836, in a collection of Hawaiian traditions called ''Moolelo Hawaii'' assembled by Hawaiian students of Lahainaluna High School, on the Hawaiian island of Maui. This collection was the basis of Sheldon Dibble's 1838 history of Hawaii. David Malo was one of the Lahainaluna students active in collecting oral traditions. He continued collecting legends and when he died in 1854, he had completed an unpublished manuscript that was finally translated to English and published in 1898. Martha Beckwith, in her ''Hawaiian Mythology'' (1940, as republished in 1970), notes these historical sources: * Emerson, Nathaniel – "The Long Voyages of the Ancient Hawaiians," ''Hawaiian Historical Society Papers Vol. 5'', 1893, pp. 5–13 * Malo, David – ''Hawaiian Antiquities'', as translated by Emerson, 1951 edition, pp. 6–7 * Green, Laura – ''Folktales from Hawaii'', Honolulu, 1928, pp. 120–124 * Kamakau, Samuel M. – article in the Hawaiian newspaper ''Kuokoa'', December 29, 1866 * Thrum, Thomas G. – ''More Hawaiian Folk Tales'', Chicago, 1923, pp. 46–52 * Remy, Jules M. as translated by Brigham – ''Contributions of a Venerable Savage to the Ancient History of the Hawaiian Islands'', Boston, 1868, pp. 10–11 * Westervelt, William D. – ''Hawaiian Historical Legends'', New York, 1923, pp. 65–78 * Kalakaua, David – ''The Legends and Myths of Hawai'i'', New York, 1888, pp. 47–48 * Stokes, John – "Whence Paao?" ''Hawaiian Historical Society Papers Vol. 15'', Honolulu 1928, pp. 40–45 The Paao story also survives in various oral traditions passed down through Native Hawaiian families. Some Hawaiians insist on the purity and reliability of these traditions, but academic scholars believe that much from these traditions has been shaped by easily available published versions of the narrative. However, there is no reason to doubt that the Paao story was widespread in pre-contact times. A lineage of Hawaiian high priests claimed descent from Paao, and Hawaiian high chiefs traced their genealogies to Pili-kaaiea (Pili), the "pure" chief brought by Paao. Paao is said to have introduced human sacrifice, the walled heiau, the red feather girdle, the puloulou kapu sign, the prostrating kapu, the veneration of aku fish, and the feather god Tairi. The Paao narrative justified and sanctioned the social order as it then existed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paʻao」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|