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Pedophilia or paedophilia is a psychiatric disorder in which an adult or older adolescent experiences a primary or exclusive sexual attraction to prepubescent children, generally age 11 years or younger.〔See section F65.4 Paedophilia. 〕 As a medical diagnosis, specific criteria for the disorder extend the cut-off point for prepubescence to age 13.〔 A person who is diagnosed with pedophilia must be at least 16 years of age, but adolescents must be at least five years older than the prepubescent child for the attraction to be diagnosed as pedophilia.〔〔 Pedophilia is termed ''pedophilic disorder'' in the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' (DSM-5), and the manual defines it as a paraphilia in which adults or adolescents 16 years of age or older have intense and recurrent sexual urges towards and fantasies about prepubescent children that they have either acted on or which cause them distress or interpersonal difficulty.〔 The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) defines it as a sexual preference for children of prepubertal or early pubertal age.〔See section F65.4 Paedophilia. 〕 In popular usage, the word ''pedophilia'' is often applied to any sexual interest in children or the act of child sexual abuse.〔 This use conflates the sexual attraction (pedophilia) with the act of abuse (child molestation), and does not distinguish between attraction to prepubescent and pubescent or post-pubescent minors.〔 Researchers recommend that these imprecise uses be avoided because although people who commit child sexual abuse sometimes exhibit the disorder,〔 child sexual abuse offenders are not pedophiles unless they have a primary or exclusive sexual interest in prepubescent children,〔〔Edwards, M. (1997) "Treatment for Paedophiles; Treatment for Sex Offenders". ''Paedophile Policy and Prevention, Australian Institute of Criminology Research and Public Policy Series'' (12), 74-75.〕 and not all pedophiles molest children.〔 Pedophilia was first formally recognized and named in the late 19th century. A significant amount of research in the area has taken place since the 1980s. Although mostly documented in men, there are also women who exhibit the disorder, and researchers assume available estimates underrepresent the true number of female pedophiles. No cure for pedophilia has been developed, but there are therapies that can reduce the incidence of a person committing child sexual abuse.〔 In the United States, following ''Kansas v. Hendricks'', sex offenders who are diagnosed with certain mental disorders, particularly pedophilia, can be subject to indefinite civil commitment. The exact causes of pedophilia have not been conclusively established. Some studies of pedophilia in child sex offenders have correlated it with various neurological abnormalities and psychological pathologies. ==Definitions== The word ''pedophilia'' comes from the (ギリシア語:παῖς, παιδός) (''paîs, paidós''), meaning "child", and φιλία (''philía''), "friendly love" or "friendship".〔Liddell, H.G., and Scott, Robert (1959). ''Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon''. ISBN 0-19-910206-6.〕 ''Pedophilia'' is used for individuals with a primary or exclusive sexual interest in prepubescent children aged 13 or younger.〔〔 ''Nepiophilia'' (from the (ギリシア語:νήπιος) (''népios'') meaning "infant" or "child," which in turn derives from "ne-" and "epos" meaning "not speaking"), sometimes called ''infantophilia'', is a sub-type of pedophilia; it is used to refer to a sexual preference for infants and toddlers (ages 0–3 or those under age 5).〔 ''Hebephilia'' is defined as individuals with a primary or exclusive sexual interest in 11- to 14-year-old pubescents. The DSM-5 does not list hebephilia among the diagnoses; while evidence suggests that hebephilia is separate from pedophilia, the ICD-10 includes early pubertal age (an aspect of hebephilia) in its pedophilia definition, covering the physical development overlap between the two philias.〔 In addition to ''hebephilia'', some clinicians have proposed other categories that are somewhat or completely distinguished from pedophilia; these include ''pedohebephilia'' (a combination of pedophilia and hebephilia) and ''ephebophilia'' (though ephebophilia is not considered pathological).〔(APA DSM-5 | U 03 Pedophilic Disorder )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pedophilia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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