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Pelomyxa
''Pelomyxa'' is a genus of giant flagellar amoeboid protists, usually 500-800 μm but occasionally up to 5 mm in length, found in anaerobic or microaerobic bottom sediments of stagnant freshwater ponds or slow-moving streams.〔Chistyakova, L. V., and A. O. Frolov. "Light and electron microscopic study of Pelomyxa stagnalis sp. n.(Archamoebae, pelobiontida)." Cell and Tissue Biology 5.1 (2011): 90-97.〕
The genus was created by R. Greeff, in 1874, with ''Pelomyxa palustris'' as its type species.〔Greeff, Richard. "Pelomyxa palustris (Pelobius), ein amöberartiger Organismus des süssen Wassers." Archiv für Mikroskopische Anatomie 10.1 (1874): 51-73.〕 In the decades following the erection of Pelomyxa, researchers assigned numerous new species to it. However, in the last quarter of the 20th century, investigators reduced the genus to a single species, ''Pelomyxa palustris'', which was understood to be a highly changeable organism with a complex life cycle, whose various phases had been mistaken for separate species.〔Griffin, Joe I. (1988) "Fine Structure and Taxonomic Position of the Giant Amoeboid ''Pelomyxa palustris''." J. Protozool. 35(2):313〕〔Brugerolle G. and Patterson D. 2000. Order Pelobiontida Page 1976. In: An illustrated guide to the protozoa, second edition (Eds. Lee J., Leedale G. and Bradbury P.). Allen press inc., Lawrence, USA. pp. 1097-1103.〕 All described species were relegated to the status of synonyms, or moved to the unrelated genus ''Chaos''.
Since 2004, four new ''Pelomyxa'' species have been described, and two older species have been redescribed and confirmed as valid members of the genus. These developments have raised new questions about the nature of ''Pelomyxa palustris'' itself.〔〔Frolov, Alexander O., Ludmila V. Chystjakova, and Andrew V. Goodkov. "A new pelobiont protist Pelomyxa corona sp. n.(Peloflagellatea, Pelobiontida)." Protistology 3 (2004): 233-241.〕〔Frolov, Alexander O., Ludmila V. Chystjakova, and Andrew V. Goodkov. "Light and electron microscopic study of Pelomyxa binucleata (Gruber, 1884)(Peloflagellatea, Pelo biontida)." Protistology 4 (2005): 57-73.〕〔Frolov, A., et al. "Structure and Development of Pelomyxa gruberi sp. n.(Peloflagellatea, Pelobiontida)." Protistology 4 (2006): 227-244.〕〔Frolov, A. O., et al. "Light and electron microscopic investigation of Pelomyxa prima (Gruber, 1884)(Peloflagellatea, Pelobiontida)." Tsitologiia 47.1 (2005): 89-98.〕〔Frolov, A. O., L. V. Chistiakova, and M. N. Malysheva. "Light-and electron-microscopical study of Pelomyxa flava sp. n.(archamoebae, pelobiontida)]." Tsitologiia 52.9 (2010): 776.〕
==Characteristics==
''Pelomyxa'' have multiple nuclei, which can number from two to several thousand in rare cases. A moving cell is cylindrical in shape, with a single hemispherical pseudopod at the front and a semipermanent projection called a uroid at the back, which is covered in tiny non-motile flagella. They consume a wide variety of food, and have many vacuoles containing both food, such as diatoms, and debris such as sand.
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