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Pembrolizumab (formerly MK-3475 and lambrolizumab, trade name Keytruda) is a human antibody used in cancer immunotherapy. It targets the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor. The drug was initially used in treating metastatic melanoma. Pembrolizumab was invented by Gregory Carven, Hans van Eenennaam and John Dulos at Organon Biosciences which later became Schering Plough Research Institute and then Merck & Co. MRC Technology humanized the antibody pembrolizumab for Organon in 2006. On September 4, 2014 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved pembrolizumab under the FDA Fast Track Development Program. It is approved for use following treatment with ipilimumab, or after treatment with ipilimumab and a BRAF inhibitor in advanced melanoma patients who carry a BRAF mutation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=FDA Approves Anti-PD-1 Drug for Advanced Melanoma )〕 It is marketed by Merck. On October 2, 2015, the US FDA approved pembrolizumab for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in patients whose tumors express PD-L1 and who have failed treatment with other chemotherapeutic agents. 〔http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm465444.htm〕 ==Mechanism of action== Pembrolizumab is a therapeutic antibody that blocks the inhibitory ligand of programmed cell death 1 receptor. This receptor is responsible for inhibiting the immune response against cancer cells. Normally, this effect is necessary to avoid an inappropriate overreaction, such as an auto-immune disease, in healthy individuals. In patients with cancer, antibody blockade against this receptor such as with pembrolizumab reinvigorates the immune system, allowing it to target and destroy cancer cells. Pembrolizumab is one of a number of closely related therapies dubbed immune checkpoint blockade. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pembrolizumab」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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