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Penbutolol
Penbutolol (Levatol, Levatolol, Lobeta, Paginol, Hostabloc, Betapressin) is a medication in the class of beta blockers, used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Penbutolol is able to bind to both beta-1 adrenergic receptors and beta-2 adrenergic receptors (the two subtypes), thus making it a non-selective β blocker (). Penbutolol is a sympathomimetic drug with properties allowing it to act as a partial agonist at β adrenergic receptors (). Penbutolol has also been found to be one of very few compounds that are 5-HT1A antagonists. 5-HT1A receptors are activated by serotonin, which have many different actions in different species. This makes it difficult to create generalizations about serotonin and its effects ().
==Hypertension==
Hypertension can result from a multitude of alterations to blood volume, heart or kidney function. Hypertension involving a high heart rate can lead to myocardial ischemia (). Penbutolol acts by blocking β adrenergic receptors and blocking the sympathetic nervous system to decrease the heart rate and cardiac output to lower arterial blood pressure. β blockers also decrease renin levels, which ultimately results in less water being reabsorbed by the kidneys and therefore a lower blood volume and blood pressure ().
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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