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Pengwern
Pengwern was a Brythonic settlement of sub-Roman Britain situated in what is now the English county of Shropshire, adjoining the modern Welsh border. It is generally regarded as being the early seat of the kings of Powys before its establishment at Mathrafal, further west, but the theory that it may have been an early kingdom (or a sub-kingdom of Powys itself) has also been postulated. Its precise location is uncertain.
==History and legend==
Nothing is known about the foundation of Pengwern, although according to Welsh tradition it was part of the Welsh kingdom of Powys in the early Middle Ages. Early Powys, much larger in extent than the later medieval kingdom, seems to have ''roughly'' coincided with the territory of the Celtic Cornovii tribe whose ''civitas'' capital or administrative centre was ''Viroconium Cornoviorum'' (now Wroxeter).
The exploits of Cynddylan, whose seat was at Pengwern, are told in the Old Welsh tragic poems, ''Marwnad Cynddylan'' and ''Canu Heledd'' (a cycle of poems named after Cynddylan's sister), possibly dating from the 7th century but not recorded until later. They in turn are part of a larger cycle of heroic and elegiac poetry concerning early Powys and the Hen Ogledd known as ''Canu Llywarch Hen''.
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