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''Penicillium'' () is a genus of ascomycetous fungi of major importance in the natural environment as well as food and drug production. Some members of the genus produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic, which kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria inside the body. Other species are used in cheesemaking. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains over 300 species.〔 ==Taxonomy== The genus was first described in the scientific literature by Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link in his 1809 work ''Observationes in ordines plantarum naturales''.〔 Link included three species—''P. candidum'', ''P. expansum'', and ''P. glaucum''—all of which produced a brush-like conidiophore (asexual fruiting structure). The common apple rot fungus ''P. expansum'' was selected as the type species.〔 In a 1979 monograph, John I. Pitt divided ''Penicillium'' into four subgenera based on conidiophore morphology and branching pattern: ''Aspergilloides'', ''Biverticillium'', ''Furcatum'', and ''Penicillium''.〔 ''Penicillium'' is classified as a genus of: domain eukaryota, kingdom Fungi, division Ascomycota (order Eurotiales, class Eurotiomycetes, family Trichocomaceae).〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Penicillium」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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