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"Pensativa" is a bossa nova jazz standard by American pianist/composer/arranger Clare Fischer, first recorded in 1962 by a quintet under the joint leadership of Fischer and saxophonist Bud Shank, and released that year as part of an album entitled ''Bossa Nova Jazz Samba'', comprising music in this style, as per its title, all of it arranged by Fischer, and, with the exception of Erroll Garner's "Misty", composed by him as well. In retrospect, this would prove to be just the first of countless forays by Fischer into various areas of Latin music (with "area" denoting both genre ''and'' geographic region). This particular song was one of the first, and almost certainly the most famous, of all the foreign-born - i.e. non-Brazilian - bossa novas. Its form, though extended (64 mm.), is standard A-A-B-A, with each section consisting of 16 measures instead of eight. ==Alternate versions== With the exception of his contrastingly Cuban-styled composition, "Morning", "Pensativa" is by far Fischer's most frequently recorded work; it has been performed by a wide variety of instrumental groupings, ranging from assorted unaccompanied instruments - including piano, guitar and flute - to string orchestras, big bands, and a large assortment of ensemble sizes in between. In addition to numerous recordings by the composer himself (including at least five released under his own name,〔("Clare Fischer: So Danço Samba" (1964) ). All Music. Retrieved 2013-01-24. See also: *("Clare Fischer: The Reclamation Act of 1972" (1970) ). Cugel Records. Retrieved 2013-01-25. *("Clare Fischer: Just Me: Solo Piano Excursions" (1995) ). All Music. Retrieved 2013-01-24. *("Clare Fischer: The Latin Side" (1998) ). All Music. Retrieved 2013-01-24. *("Clare Fischer / Helio Delmiro: Symbiosis" (2003) ). All Music. Retrieved 2013-01-24.〕 plus many more featuring the composer as either co-leader, sideman, or arranger, all of them employing Fischer's arrangements), it has been covered by a multitude of artists, including Bill Evans, Dave Valentin, Gene Harris, Jack Wilson, Bill Perkins, Brian Bromberg, Bob Florence, and Rob McConnell. Many more, including George Shearing,〔("The Many Facets of George Shearing" ), ''Cadence'', Volume 4, 1978. Retrieved 2013-01-29. See also: *Wilson, John S. ("Jazz: Shearing Trio" ), ''The New York Times'', February 11, 1988. Retrieved 2013-01-29. *Heckman, Don. ("The Acoustic Jazz Piano Renaissance : Recordings" ). ''The Los Angeles Times''. April 14, 1995. Retrieved 2013-01-29.〕 Gene Bertoncini,〔("O grande amor a bossa nova collection" ). LOC online. Retrieved 2013-01-29. See also: *("Bridges" ). LOC online. Retrieved 2013-01-29. *("Bertoncini: A Master Class" ), ''The Worcester Telegram & Gazette'', March 19, 1992. Retrieved 2013-01-29.〕 Hubert Laws,〔("Wild flower [Sound recording]" ). WorldCat. Retrieved 2013-02-09. See also: *Davis, Peter G. ("Concert: Philharmonic Plays a Sequel in Harlem" ). ''The New York Times''. February 17, 1981.'Retrieved 2013-02-09. "On a lighter note, Hubert Laws, the flutist, was on hand to join the orchestra in performances of ''Amazing Grace'' and ''Pensativa'' by Clare Fischer, as well as a movement each from a Telemann Suite and Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 4."〕 Billy Taylor,〔("Billy Taylor Trio, Sept. 27, 1970" ). LOC online. Retrieved 2013-01-29. See also: *("White nights and jazz in Leningrad" ). LOC Online. Retrieved 2013-01-29. * ("For a Jazz Great, Some Great Jazz; A Tribute to the Art and Heart of Betty Carter" ). ''The Washington Post''. April 14, 1999. Retrieved 2013-01-29.〕 Bill Mays,〔Dryden, Ken. ("Bill Mays: Solo and Trio" ). All About Jazz, March 6, 2010. Retrieved 2013-01-31. See also: *Chinen, Nate. ("Four Pianists, Teaming and Competing" ), ''The New York Times'', July 24, 2011. Retrieved 2013-01-31.〕 Marian McPartland,〔("Live at Yoshi's Nitespot" ). LOC Online. Retrieved 2013-01-29. See also: *(Live at Shanghai Jazz ). LOC Online. Retrieved 2013-01-29.〕 Benny Green,〔("The Place to Be" ). LOC Online. Retrieved 2013-01-29. See also: *Feather, Leonard. ("JAZZ REVIEW: Benny Green Shows His Versatility at Catalina's" ), ''The Los Angeles Times'', January 13, 1994. Retrieved 2013-01-29. "When he is not amazing the crowd with his more obvious virtues, Green shows himself capable of graceful messages, as in Clare Fischer's 'Pensativa' and the almost Basie-like simplicity of 'You're a Sweetheart.'" *Reich, Howard, ("Benny Green's Pianism Electrifies" ), ''The Chicago Tribune'', May 2, 2009. Retrieved 2013-01-29. "Similarly, in Clare Fischer's 'Pensativa,' Green exhibited a degree of tonal control one sooner expects to hear from classical pianists."〕 Sam Most,〔(Solo Flute (2009) ), Rhapsody. Retrieved 2013-01-31. See also: *(Organic Flute (2010) ). Rhapsody. Retrieved 2013-01-31.〕 Gary Foster,〔(Gary Foster (1968): "Subconsciously" ). WorldCat. Retrieved 2013-01-29. See also: *(Eastman Jazz Ensemble November 12, 1993 ). WorldCat. Retrieved 2013-01-29. *Heckman, Don, ("JAZZ REVIEWS: Foster Brings Sax, Romance to Newporter" ). ''The Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved 2013-01-29. "The repertoire was unusually diverse, ranging from familiar be-bop items such as 'Relaxin' at Camarillo' to Lennie Tristano's set of variations on 'All the Things You Are' entitled 'Ablution,' and Clare Fischer's lovely bossa nova, 'Pensativa.'"〕 and Freddie Hubbard, have made "Pensativa" part of their regular repertoires. In fact, of all the recordings made of this song (including those by the composer), by far the best known is the one arranged by Hubbard and recorded in 1964 by Art Blakey & the Jazz Messengers, released in 1964 on the album ''Free for All''. While not surprising, given the All-Star calibre of its participants (the iconic Blakey himself, and his no less iconic Jazz Messengers, in this instance including three premiere soloists - pianist Cedar Walton and Hubbard on trumpet, plus the influential saxophonist and composer Wayne Shorter), this state of affairs would prove extremely frustrating to the composer. Speaking to students at an informal clinic hosted by his brother Dirk in October 1998, Fischer explained: That has been recorded by some jazz players - Freddie Hubbard is one of them. They don't understand two-beat samba, so they play it like a 4... (), then they change the melody, then they change the chords, which are going into what we call bebop II-V. Mine go (mm. 9 through 13 ). He recorded that with Art Blakey. Very famous. 85 percent of the people who know that song know it from that recording. Everyone who records it now plays it with the same cancer that I've had all my life with that song. I've been unable to disestablish that because I don't sell as many records as Freddie Hubbard. It gets to a point where you say, "Hey! It's my song. Yeah." Well, it doesn't make any difference.〔. Retrieved 2013-01-29.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pensativa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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