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Pentachromacy
Pentachromacy describes the capability and capacity for capturing, transmitting, processing, and perceiving five independent channels of color information through the primary visual system. Organisms with pentachromacy are termed ''pentachromats''. For these organisms, it would take at least five differing ranges of wavelengths along the electromagnetic spectrum to reproduce their full visual spectrum. In comparison, a combination of red, green, and blue wavelengths of light are all that is necessary to simulate most of the common human trichromat visual spectrum.
One proposed explanation for pentachromacy is a retina containing five diverse types of cone cells with differing absorption spectra. In actuality the number of cone cell types may be greater than five as different types may be active at a specific intensity or range of intensities for a given wavelength of electromagnetic radiation.
==Animals that are potentially pentachromats==
Some birds (notably pigeons) and butterflies have five or more kinds of color receptors in their retinae, and are therefore believed to be pentachromats,〔(Wavelength discrimination in the ‘visible’ and ultraviolet spectrum by pigeons ), Jacky Emmerton1, and Juan D. Delhis, Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology. Volume 141, Number 1. March, 1980〕 though psychophysical evidence of functional pentachromacy is lacking. Research also indicates that some lampreys, members of the Petromyzontidae family, may be pentachromats.〔(Functional characterization, tuning, and regulation of visual pigment gene expression in an anadromous lamprey -- Davies et al., 10.1096/fj.06-8057com -- The FASEB Journal )〕 It is suspected that a human female could inherit multiple alleles for color blindness as protanomaly, deuteranomaly, and/or tritanomaly leading to the phenotypic expression of at least four and possibly as many as six types of color-sensing cones, although the red-, green-, and blue-deficient cones would have degenerate spectral sensitivity.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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