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Pentamorphone
Pentamorphone (14β-pentylaminomorphinone, RX-77989) is a semi-synthetic opiate derivative related to compounds such as morphine, hydromorphone and oxymorphone. Developed in 1984, it is a potent opioid analgesic several times stronger than fentanyl, and with a similarly fast onset of effects and short duration of action.〔Glass PS, Camporesi EM, Shafron D, Quill T, Reves JG. Evaluation of pentamorphone in humans: a new potent opiate. ''Anesthesia and Analgesia''. 1989 Mar;68(3):302-7. PMID 2465708〕〔Rudo FG, Wynn RL, Ossipov M, Ford RD, Kutcher BA, Carter A, Spaulding TC. Antinociceptive activity of pentamorphone, a 14-beta-aminomorphinone derivative, compared to fentanyl and morphine. ''Anesthesia and Analgesia''. 1989 Oct;69(4):450-6. PMID 2476953〕 It was found to produce relatively little respiratory depression compared to other potent opioid agonists,〔Afifi MS, Glass PS, Cohen NA, Shook JE, Camporesi EM. Depression of ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia after pentamorphone. ''Anesthesia and Analgesia''. 1990 Oct;71(4):377-83. PMID 1698039〕 but its analgesic effects were somewhat disappointing in human trials,〔Wong HY, Parker RK, Fragen R, White PF. Pentamorphone for management of postoperative pain. ''Anesthesia and Analgesia''. 1991 May;72(5):656-60. PMID 1708214〕 and while pentamorphone had some slight advantages over fentanyl〔Kelly WB, Howie MB, Romanelli VA, Duarte JA, Rezaei H, McSweeney TD. A comparison of pentamorphone and fentanyl in balanced anaesthesia during general surgery. ''Canadian Journal of Anesthesia''. 1994 Aug;41(8):703-9. PMID 7522977〕 these were not sufficient to warrant its introduction into clinical use.
==Synthesis==
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