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: ''For Trevithick's Pen-y-darren locomotive, see Richard Trevithick'' Penydarren ((ウェールズ語:Pen-y-darren)) is a community in Merthyr Tydfil County Borough in Wales. The area is most notable as being the site of a 1st-century Roman fort, and during the Industrial Revolution it housed Penydarren Ironworks the third largest of the great Merthyr works. Penydarren was also used by Richard Trevithick as the location for his experiments into steam locomotion. The community and ward has a population of 5,253,〔(Penydarren Ward ) 2001 Census: Census Area Statistics: National Statistics. UK government. Retrieved 1 March 2009〕 increasing to 5,419 at the 2011 Census.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ward/Community population 2011 )〕 Penydarren Park, the site of the Roman fort and the football ground, is today outside the community boundary. ==Roman fort== Being located on a spur of land above sea level,〔 just southwest of the River Taff, made Pen-y-Darren an ideal location to build an occupation outpost fort for the Romans in AD75, during the governorship of Sextus Julius Frontinus. It was during this period that he subdued the Silures and other hostile tribes of Wales by establishing a new base at Caerleon or Isca Augusta for Legio II ''Augusta'', and this was one of a network of smaller forts fifteen to twenty kilometres apart for his auxiliary units. The only information known about the fort is from the later excavations undertaken during the construction of the football stadium in 1905 by Frank Treharne-James,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Frank Treharne James )〕 and in 1957 during the demolition of Penydarren House. From the combination of these works, it is presently estimated that the fort had a turf and clay rampart wide, set on a cobble foundation and separated by a narrow berm of wide from its double ditch. The inner ditch was wide, the outer wide, separated by a berm of . If a well recorded by Treharne-James in 1905 was centrally placed within the principia, and a square outline is assumed, then the fort had dimensions of across the rampart crests, covering an area of .〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pen-y-Darren Roman Fort )〕 Flavian pottery confirms the origin of the fort as a wooden structure, replaced in stone around AD 100, with the bath house located outside the fort's southern defences contemporary with the rebuilding. The latest pottery recovered is Trajanic, confirming that the site was abandoned in the Hadrianic period, with its garrison moved to a new build fort at Gelligaer.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Penydarren」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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