|
Persianization or Persianisation is a sociological process of cultural change in which something non-Persian becomes Persianate. It is a specific form of cultural assimilation that often includes language assimilation. The term applies not only to cultures, but also to individuals, as they acclimate to the Persian culture. Historically, the term was commonly applied to changes in the culture of non-Iranian peoples living within the Iranian cultural sphere, especially during the early- and middle-Islamic periods such as Arabs, and various Caucasian (such as Georgian, Armenian, and Dagestani), and Turkic peoples including the Seljuqs, Ottomans, and Ghaznavids.〔Bhatia, Tej K., ''The handbook of bilingualism'', (2004), p.788-9〕〔Ravandi, M., ''The Seljuq court at Konya and the Persianisation of Anatolian Cities'', in Mesogeios (Mediterranean Studies), vol. 25-6 (2005) , pp157-69〕 The term has also been applied to the transmission of aspects of Persian culture, including language, to the non-Persian peoples in area surrounding Persia (modern-day Iran), such as Turkey and Central Asia. Starting in the 9th century of our era, Persian came to be a major contact vernacular and an international literary language over an area spanning, at its maximal extent, the Iranian plateau from the Caucasus to the Indus, to Ottoman Turkey, Central Asia from Khiva to Kashghar, and the northern three-quarters of the Indian subcontinent. As a language of imperial administration and epistolography, and in terms of elite readership of the Persian literary classics and lexical and stylistic influence on other languages, its influence extended to more distant centers such as Konya and Istanbul, Cairo and Mombasa, Saray and Kazan. Its active range was reduced to Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan only during the early decades of the 20th century, as a result of the success of newer imperial languages (chiefly English and Russian) and the emergence of local and national languages on the territories of the old empires.〔Perry, john r.: New Persian: Expansion, Standardization, and Inclusivity. In: Spooner, Brian, and William L. Hanaway. 2012. Literacy in the Persianate world: writing and the social order. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.〕 ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Persianization」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|