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| Perspective-taking ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Perspective-taking
Perspective-taking is the act of viewing a situation or understanding of a concept from an alternate point-of-view.
== Definition ==
Perspective-taking is the process by which an individual views a situation from another's point-of-view.〔Galinsky, A., Maddux, W., Gilin, D., & White, J. (2008). Why it pays to get inside the head of your opponent. Psychological Science, 19(4), 378-384. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02096.x〕 Perspective-taking can occur visually〔Piaget, J., & Inhelder, B. (1967). The child's conception of space. Routledge: London.〕 in that one changes their physical location to see things as someone else does. Perspective-taking can also occur cognitively in that one mentally simulates the point-of-view of another’s cognitive state. For instance, one can visualize the viewpoint of a taller individual (physical state) or reflect upon another's point-of-view on a particular concept (cognitive state). In other words, perspective-taking is the process of temporarily suspending 〔Epley, N., & Caruso, E. M. (2008). Perspective-taking: Misstepping into others' shoes. In K. D. Markman, W. M. Klein, & J. A. Suhr (Eds.), Handbook of imagination and mental simulation (pp. 297-311). New York: Psychology Press.〕〔Moore, D.A. (2005). Myopic biases in strategic social prediction: Why deadlines put everyone under more pressure than everyone else. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(5), 668-679. doi: 10.1177/0146167204271569〕 one’s own point-of-view in an attempt to view a situation as someone else might. This process does not necessitate any form of affinity, compassion, or emotional identification with the other. Therefore, as an other-oriented activity, perspective-taking can be used to gain an understanding of a given physical state and/or situation after which a determination of appropriate action can be selected (e.g., empathy).〔Batson, C. D., Early, S., & Salvarani, G. (1997). Perspective taking: Imagining how another feels versus imagining how you would feel. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 751-758. doi: 10.1177/0146167297237008〕 Perspective taking ability appears to be greater in adults than children, because adults are more able to correct and adopt the perspective of another person.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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