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Perumbanappadi
Perumbanappadi was the original home of the historic Bana Chieftains of the early Pallava period.〔Early inscriptions, by Sadhu Subrahmanya Sastry, p.55〕 It extended from the South Pennar (Ponnaiyar River) to the Tirupati (Thirumala) hills. Perumbanappadi was made up of sub-divisions such as the Thiruvenkata-Kottam (or Vengada Kottam),〔Early inscriptions, by Sadhu Subrahmanya Sastry, p.55〕 and many Nadus such as Tuy-nadu,〔Ancient India: collected essays on the literary and political history of Southern India, by Sakkottai Krishnaswami Aiyangar, p.166〕 Puli-nadu, Vada Pulinadu, and Silai-nadu 〔A study of Telugu place-names: based on inscriptions from the earliest to the 13th century, by S. S. Ramachandra Murthy, p.122〕 within it. During the Chola period, Perumbanappadi was a major division of the Jayakonda Chola Mandalam.〔A study of Telugu place-names: based on inscriptions from the earliest to the 13th century, by S. S. Ramachandra Murthy, p.122〕〔South Indian Inscriptions: Miscellaneous inscriptions in Tamil, by Eugen Hultzsch, Hosakote Krishna Sastri, Archaeological Survey of India, p. 89 and p.113〕 and also represented the north-western portions of Thondai-Mandalam.〔Trade, ideology, and urbanization: South India 300 BC to AD 1300, by Radha Champakalakshmi, p.374〕
==Boundaries==
Perumbanappadi is rendered in Tamil as Perum-pana-p-pati and Pana Rashtra (Bana Rashtra). The boundaries of Perumbanappadi were made up of Kolar, Punganur and Srisailam in the west, and Kalahasti and Sholingur in the east. The river Palar (aka South Pennar and Ponniyar) formed its Southern boundary.〔Feudatories of South India, 800-1070 A.D, p.35-36〕〔The Tirumala Temple, by N Ramesan, p.17-18〕 The capital of Perumbanappadi was Thiruvallam, which lies 22 km from Vellore.〔The early Chōḷas history, art, and culture, by S. Swaminathan, p.46〕
Mavali Vanadarayan was the title of chiefs of the Bana country in the basin of the Palar river, the extent of whose territory changed according to the vicissitudes of history.〔History of the nayaks of Madura, by R. Sathianathaier and Sakkottai Krishnaswami Aiyangar, p.78〕 Territorial changes are deducible from epigraphies. However, the personal names of many Bana Chieftains are not known, especially with regard to the wars they waged against their opponents. One such example is the Thiruvallam record of Vijaya Nandivikrama Varman (792-793 AD) which states that a certain Mavali-Vanaraya was ruling Vadugavali-12000. However, the personal name of this Mahavali-Banaraja is not known.〔Chittoor through the ages, by MD Sampath, p.37〕
Most epigraphies / inscriptions mention just the title of the Bana Chieftain as "Mahabali Banaraja". The Banas were identified by their geographical location as Pulinadu Banas, Tuynadu Banas, etc. Their genealogy was puranic and was narrated on copper-plates or temple grants. One example is the Udayendiram grant of Bana Vikramaditya III which narrates the puranic connection of Mahabali with Vishnu.〔Chittoor through the ages, by MD Sampath, p.34〕
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