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Peru is a multiethnic country formed by the combination of different groups over five centuries, so people in Peru usually treat their nationality as a citizenship rather than an ethnicity. Amerindians inhabited Peruvian territory for several millennia before Spanish Conquest in the 16th century; according to historian David N. Cook their population decreased from an estimated 5–9 million in the 1520s to around 600,000 in 1620 mainly because of infectious diseases.〔Noble David Cook, ''Demographic collapse: Indian Peru, 1520–1620'', p. 114.〕 Spaniards and Africans arrived in large numbers under colonial rule, mixing widely with each other and with indigenous peoples. During the Republic, there has been a gradual immigration of European people (specially from Spain and Italy, and in a less extent from France, the Balkans, Great Britain and Germany). Japanese and Chinese arrived in large numbers at the end of Nineteenth Century. With about 29.5 million inhabitants, Peru is the fourth most populous country in South America.〔United Nations, , pp. 44–48. Retrieved July 29, 2007.〕 Its demographic growth rate declined from 2.6% to 1.6% between 1950 and 2000; population is expected to reach approximately 42 million in 2050.〔Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, ''Perú: Estimaciones y Proyecciones de Población, 1950–2050'', pp. 37–38, 40.〕 As of 2007, 75.9% lived in urban areas and 24.1% in rural areas.〔Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, ''Perfil sociodemográfico del Perú'', p. 13.〕 Major cities include Lima, home to over 8 million people, Arequipa, Trujillo, Chiclayo, Piura, Iquitos, Cusco, Chimbote, and Huancayo, all of which reported more than 250,000 inhabitants in the 2007 census.〔Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, ''Perfil sociodemográfico del Perú'', p. 24.〕 The largest expatriate Peruvian communities are in the United States (Peruvian Americans), South America (Argentina, Chile, Venezuela and Brazil), Europe (Spain, France and the United Kingdom), Japan, Australia and Canada. ==Ethnic structure of Peru== The Peruvian census does not contain information about ethnicity so only rough estimates are available. Some international reliable references, estimates it to be composed of Mestizos: 45%,〔(Universia, Poblacion de Peru )〕 Amerindians: 30%,〔http://internacional.universia.net/latinoamerica/datos-paises/peru/poblacion.htm〕〔http://www.unicef.org/lac/PERU_revisado.pdf〕〔()〕 European: 16%,〔 Asians: 2%,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CIA - The World Factbook -- Peru )〕 Afro-Peruvians: 7%.〔(Afro-Latino Roots )〕 According to the National Continuous Survey (Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática or INEI 2006) (limitedly reliable, being a self-identification survey), 59,5% self-identified as Mestizos, 22.7% as Quechuas, 2.7% as Aymaras, 1.8% as Amazonians (Yanesha people), 1.6% as Black/Mulatto, 4.9% as White and 6.7% as Others (Chinese, Japanese, others).〔(The Structuring Effects of Racial Agency in Peru - Page 4. )〕 Amerindians are found in the southern Andes, though a large portion, also to be found in the southern and central coast due to the massive internal labor migration from remote Andean regions to coastal cities, during the past four decades. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peruvians」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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