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Petard
A petard was a small bomb used for blowing up gates and walls when breaching fortifications. It is of French origin and dates back to the 16th century.〔(【引用サイトリンク】website=Dictionary.reference.com )〕 A typical petard was a conical or rectangular metal device containing 2–3 kg (5 or 6 pounds) of gunpowder, with a slow match for a fuse.
==Etymology==
''Pétard'' comes from the Middle French ''péter'', to break wind, from the root ''pet'', expulsion of intestinal gas, derived from the Latin ''peditus'', past participle of ''pedere'', to break wind, and akin to the Greek ''bdein'', to break wind (Merriam-Webster). In modern French, a ''pétard'' is a firecracker (and it is the basis for the word for firecracker in several other European languages).
''Pétardiers'' were deployed during sieges of castles or fortified cities. The ''pétard'', a rather primitive and exceedingly dangerous explosive device, comprised a brass or iron bell-shaped device filled with gunpowder and affixed to a wooden base called a ''madrier''. This was attached to a wall or gate using hooks and rings, the fuse lit and, if successful, the resulting explosive force, concentrated at the target point, would blow a hole in the obstruction, allowing assault troops to enter.
Shakespeare's phrase, "hoist with his own petar" remains in modern usage as "hoist with one's own petard", meaning: "to be harmed by one's own plan to harm someone else" or "to fall into one's own trap", implying that one could be lifted (blown) upward by one's own bomb, or in other words, be foiled by one's own plan.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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