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Petro-Islam usually refers to the strict interpretation of Islam—sometimes called "Wahhabism"—favored by the conservative oil-exporting Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Its name derives from source of the funding—petroleum exports—that spread it through the Muslim world following the October 1973 War. The term is sometimes called "pejorative"〔 or a "nickname".〔 According to Sandra Mackey the term was coined by Fouad Ajami. It has been used by French political scientist Gilles Kepel,〔 Bangladeshi religious scholar Imtiyaz Ahmed,〔 and Egyptian philosopher Fouad Zakariyya, among others. ==Definitions== The use of the term to refer to "Wahhabism" (the dominant interpretation of Islam in Saudi Arabia) is widespread but not universal. Variations on, or different uses of, the term include: *Use of resources by Saudi Arabia "to project itself as a major player in the Muslim world". The distribution of large sums of money from public and private sources in Saudi Arabia to advance Wahhabi doctrines and pursue the Saudi Arabian foreign policy. * Attempts by the Saudi rulers to use both Islam and its wealth to win the loyalty of the Muslim world.〔〔 * Diplomatic, political and economic—as well as religious—policies promoted by Saudi Arabia. *The type of Islam favored by petroleum-exporting Muslim-majority countries, particularly the other Gulf monarchies (United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, etc.)—not just Saudi Arabia. *A "hugely successful" enterprise made up of a "colossal ensemble" of media and other cultural organs that has broken the "secularist and nationalist" monopoly of the state on culture, media and, "to a lesser extent", education; and is supported by both Islamists and socially conservative business "elements", who opposed the Arab nationalist ideologies of Nasserism and Baathism. *More conservative Islamic cultural practices (separation of the sexes, hijab or more complete hijab) brought back (to Egypt) from Gulf oil states by migrant workers. *A term used by secularists, particularly in Egypt, to refer to efforts to require the enforcement of sharia (Islamic law). *Islamic interpretation that is "anti-woman, anti-intellectual, anti-progress, and anti-science ... largely funded by the Saudis and Kuwaitis".〔(quoted in (Lifting the Veil: The World of Muslim Women ))〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Petro-Islam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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