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Petržalka (; (ドイツ語:Engerau / Audorf); (ハンガリー語:Pozsonyligetfalu)) is the largest borough of Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. Situated on the right bank of the river Danube, it is home to approximately 120,000 people. ==History== Historical records of Petržalka exist from 1225. The settlement was originally inhabited by Pecheneg mercenaries on guard duty near the river Danube. In 1493, the village ''Ungerau'' was mentioned in the area. In the 1750s, the maps of the show two German villages in the area, ''Flocendorf'' and ''Engerau''. During this period, the neighbouring Pressburg (Pozsony, today Bratislava) was the capital of the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary. Later as a recreation area famous for its garden, its Hungarian name, ''Ligetfalva'', (later ''Pozsonyligetfalu'', literally "parkland village") originates from the 1860s. In 1866, the village had only 594 inhabitants and 103 houses. In 1891 Pozsonyligetfalu became permanently connected with Pressburg when the first railway bridge, 460 meters long, was built for the Pressburg-Csorna-Szombathely railway as the first bridge not made of wood, those wooden bridges often damaged by frost and floods. A 1910 census shows that of its 2947 inhabitants, 1997 spoke German, 495 spoke Hungarian, and 318 spoke Slovak as their native language. On August 14, 1919 - The village came under control of the Czechoslovak Legions on August 14 and subsequently officially named Petržalka. The Paris Peace Conference assigned the area to Czechoslovakia. with the aim of creating a bridgehead for the newly created Czechoslovak state for controlling the Danube. In the 1920s Petržalka was the largest village in Czechoslovakia.〔(Petržalka (''Zaujímavosti o mestskej časti Petržalka'') )〕 The village lost its former ethnic German majority as Slovaks migrated into the village. Petržalka was annexed by Nazi Germany on 10 October 1938 on the basis of the Munich agreement and renamed ''Engerau''. The Starý most bridge becomes a border bridge between the First Slovak Republic and Nazi Germany. Several thousand inhabitants of Slovak, Czech, and Hungarian ethnicity were obliged to stay in Petržalka. Although citizens of the Third Reich their national character was repressed. The occupiers closed down all Slovak schools, and the German language replaces Slovak. Non-Germans were not allowed to participate in public life, and the Gestapo arrested citizens who promote ideas opposing Nazism, including those active before the occupation.〔(Occupation of Petržalka by the Nazi Germany (''Okupácia Petržalky hitlerovským Nemeckom (10.10.1938 - 3.4.1945)'') ). Jaroslav Gustafik at SME.sk.〕 From November 1944 to March 1945 – Petržalka (''Engerau'') was the site of a labour camp for Hungarian Jews, who were deployed at the construction of the Südostwall. Out of 2000 prisoners, at least 497 died from inhuman treatment and during the death march to Bad Deutsch-Altenburg. 〔(slovak-jewish-heritage.org: Petržalka Holocaust Memorial )〕〔(nachkriegsjustiz.at: Vorstellung der Dissertation von Claudia Kuretsidis-Haider (in German) )〕〔(Engerau-Prozesse (review article, in German) )〕 On April 4, 1945 Petržalka was, along with the rest of Bratislava, freed from the Nazis. It was returned to Czechoslovakia after World War II. On May 5, 1945, 90% of the Hungarian population of Bratislava was forced into internment camps in Petržalka; some Hungarians were murdered.〔(Dunabogdány honlapja )〕 On February 13, 1946 Petržalka officially becoame a part of Bratislava. Construction of the housing blocks known as "panelák" began in 1977. A 2001 Census reports that of its 117,227 inhabitants, 108,600 were Slovak, 4,259 were Hungarian, 1,788 were Czech, and 219 were German. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Petržalka」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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