|
Phanariots, Phanariotes, or Phanariote Greeks ((ギリシア語:Φαναριώτες), (ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():Fanarioți), (トルコ語:Fenerliler)) were members of those prominent Greek families residing in Phanar〔Encyclopædia Britannica,''Phanariote'', 2008, O.Ed.〕 (Φανάρι, modern ''Fener''),〔The names Fener and Φανάρι (''Fanari'') derive from the Greek nautical word meaning "Lighthouse" (literary "lantern" or "lamp") (【引用サイトリンク】 title=''Τριανταφυλλίδης On line Dictionary'' )〕 the chief Greek quarter of Constantinople, where the Ecumenical Patriarchate is situated, who came to traditionally occupy four positions of major importance in the Ottoman Empire: Grand Dragoman, Grand Dragoman of the Fleet, Hospodar of Moldavia, and Hospodar of Wallachia. For all their cosmopolitanism and often Western education, the Phanariotes were aware of their Hellenism; according to Nicholas Mavrocordatos' ''Philotheou Parerga'', "We are a race completely Hellenic".〔Mavrocordatos Nicholaos, ''Philotheou Parerga'', J.Bouchard, 1989, p.178, citation: Γένος μεν ημίν των άγαν Ελλήνων〕 Phanariotes emerged as a class of moneyed Greek merchants (of mostly noble Byzantine descent) in the latter half of the 16th century, and went on to exercise great influence in the administration in the Ottoman Empire's Balkan domains in the 18th century.〔 They tended to build their houses in the Phanar quarter in order to be close to the court of the Patriarch, who under the Ottoman millet system was recognized as both the spiritual and secular head (''millet-bashi'') of all the Orthodox subjects (the Rum Millet, or the “Roman nation”) of the Empire (except those Orthodox under the spiritual care of the Patriarchs of Antioch, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Ohrid and Peć), often acting as archontes of the Ecumenical See; thus they came to dominate the administration of the Patriarchate frequently intervening in the selection of hierarchs, including the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. ==Overview== Many members of the Phanariot families (which had acquired great wealth and influence during the 17th century) occupied high political and administrative posts in the Ottoman Empire. From 1669 until the Greek War of Independence in 1821, Phanariotes formed the majority of the dragomans to the Ottoman government (the Porte) and to foreign embassies - due to the higher level of education of Greeks compared to the general Ottoman population.〔Encyclopædia Britannica, The Phanariotes, 2008, O.Ed.〕 Along with the church dignitaries, the local notables from the provinces and the large Greek merchant class, Phanariotes represented the better educated members of Greek society during Ottoman rule and until the start of the Greek War of Independence. During the latter, Phanariotes played a crucial role and influenced the decisions of the Greek National Assembly, the representative body of the Greek revolutionaries, which met on six occasions between 1821 and 1829.〔〔 Between the years 1711–1716 and 1821, a number of them were appointed Hospodars (Voivodes or Princes) in the Danubian Principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia), usually as a promotion from dragoman offices; that period is usually termed the Phanariote epoch in Romanian history.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Phanariotes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|