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The Phasianidae are a family of birds which includes pheasants, partridges, junglefowl, chickens, Old World quail, and peafowl.〔 〕 The family is a large one, and is occasionally broken up into two subfamilies, the Phasianinae, and the Perdicinae. Sometimes, additional families and birds are treated as being in this family, as well, for example, the American Ornithologists' Union includes Tetraonidae (grouses), Numididae (guineafowls), and Meleagrididae (turkeys) in Phasianidae as subfamilies. ==Systematics and evolution== The clade Phasianidae is the largest of the branch Galliformes, comprising more than 150 species. This group includes the pheasants and partridges, junglefowl chickens, quail and peafowl. Turkeys and grouse have also been recognized as having their origins in the pheasant and partridge like birds. Until the early 1990s, this family was broken up into two subfamilies: the Phasianinae, including pheasants, tragopans, junglefowls, and peafowls;〔 〕 and the Perdicinae, including partridges, Old World quails, and francolins.〔 〕 Molecular phylogenies have shown that these two subfamilies are not each monophyletic but actually constitute only one lineage with one common ancestor.〔 〕〔 〕 For example, some partridges (genus ''Perdix'') are more closely affiliated to pheasants, whereas Old World quails and partridges from the genus ''Alectoris'' are closer to junglefowls.〔〔 The earliest fossil records of phasianids date to the late Oligocene epoch, about 30 million years ago.〔 〕 A tentative list of the subfamilies of Phasianidae was:〔 * Subfamily Arborophilinae – jungle- and wood-partridges * Subfamily Coturnicinae – Old World quail, scrub-partridges and spurfowl * Subfamily Pavoninae – peafowl and ocellated pheasants * Subfamily Gallininae – francolins and junglefowl (including chickens) * Subfamily Meleagridinae – turkeys * Subfamily Perdicinae – grey partridges (probably belong in either Meleagridinae or Phasianinae) * Subfamily Tetraoninae – grouse * Subfamily Phasianinae – true pheasants 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Phasianidae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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