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Phenoptosis
Phenoptosis (pheno - showing or demonstrating, ptosis - programmed death), designated by V.P. Skulachev in 1999, signifies the phenomenon of programmed death of an organism, i.e. that an organism's genes include features that under certain circumstances will cause the organism to rapidly degenerate and die off. Recently this has been referred to as “fast phenoptosis” as aging is being explored as “slow phenoptosis.” Phenoptosis is a common feature of living species, whose ramifications for humans is still being explored.
==Evolutionary significance==
Inside of our bodies, worn-out, ineffective cells are dismantled and recycled for the greater good of the whole organism. This is a process called apoptosis. It is believed that phenoptosis is an evolutionary mechanism that culls out the damaged, aged, infectious, or those in direct competition with their own offspring for the good of the species. The elimination of parts detrimental to the organism or individuals detrimental to the species has been deemed “The samurai law of biology”- it is better to die than to be wrong.
‘’’Stress-induced, acute, or fast phenoptosis’’’ is the rapid deterioration of an organism induced by a life event such as breeding. Elimination of the parent provides space for fitter offspring. As a species this has been advantageous particularly to species that die immediately after spawning.〔
‘’’Age-induced, soft, or slow phenoptosis’’’ is the slow deterioration and death of an organism due to accumulated stresses over long periods of time. In short, it has been proposed that aging, heart disease, cancer, and other age related ailments are means of phenoptosis. “Death caused by aging clears the population of ancestors and frees space for progeny carrying new useful traits.” 〔 It has also been proposed that age provides a selective advantage to brains over brawn. An example made by V. P. Skulachev provides that of two hares, one faster and one smarter, the faster hare may have a selective advantage in youth but as aging occurs and muscles deteriorate it is the smarter hare that now has the selective advantage.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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