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Phenytoin
Phenytoin, sold under the brand name Dilantin among others, is an anti-seizure medication. It is useful for the prevention of tonic-clonic seizures, partial seizures, but not absence seizures. The intravenous form is used for status epilepticus that does not improve with benzodiazepines. It may also be used for certain heart arrhythmias or neuropathic pain. It can be used intravenous and by mouth.〔 The intravenous form generally begins working within 30 minutes and is effective for 24 hours.〔 Blood levels can be measured to determine the proper dose.〔
Common side effects include nausea, stomach pain, loss of appetite, poor coordination, increased hair growth, and enlargement of the gums. Potentially serious side effects include sleepiness, self harm, liver problems, bone marrow suppression, low blood pressure, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. There is evidence that use during pregnancy results in abnormalities in the baby. It appears to be okay during breastfeeding. Alcohol may interfere with the medication's effects.〔
Phenytoin was first made in 1908 and found useful in seizures in 1936. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. Phenytoin is available as a generic medication and usually not too expensive. Wholesale it costs between 0.003 and 0.15 USD per dose.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=PNT100T&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=100%20mg&desc=Phenytoin&pack=new&frm=TAB-CAP&rte=PO&class_code2=05%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2805%2E%29Anticonvulsants%2Fantiepileptics%3Cbr%3E )〕 A month of treatment is about 30 USD in the United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/phenytoin.html )〕
==Medical uses==
Information in this section adapted from Lexi-Comp
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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