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Plaek Phibunsongkhram
Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram ((タイ語:แปลก พิบูลสงคราม); (:plɛ̀ːk pʰíbuːnsǒŋkʰrāːm); alternatively transcribed as ''Pibulsongkram'' or ''Pibulsonggram''; 14 July 1897 – 11 June 1964), contemporarily known as Luang Pibulsonggram, often as Phibunsongkhram (''Pibul Songgram'') or simply Phibun (''Pibul'') in the West, was Prime Minister and virtual military dictator of Thailand from 1938 to 1944 and 1948 to 1957.
== Early years ==
He was born Plaek Khittasangkha in Nonthaburi Province to Keed Khittasangkha and his wife.〔 (ผู้นำทางการเมืองไทยกับสงครามโลกครั้งที่ 2: จอมพล ป.พิบูลสงคราม และ ปรีดี พนมยงค์ )〕 Keed was of Chinese-Thai heritage; his father was a Cantonese-speaking Chinese immigrant.〔Benjamin et al., 1990, p. 64, ''...Phibun was a Thai by nature. Although it was said that his grandfather was a Cantonese, he had no features of an overseas Chinese.''〕 Plaek's parents owned a durian orchard. He received his given name - meaning "strange" in Thai - because of his unusual appearance as a child. Plaek Khittasangkha studied at Buddhist temple schools, then was appointed to Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy. He graduated in 1914 and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the artillery. Following World War I, he was sent to study artillery tactics in France. In 1928, as he rose in rank, he received the honorary title of Luang from King Prajadhipok and became known as Luang Phibunsongkhram. He would later drop his title, but adopted Phibunsongkhram as his surname.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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