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Pheidippides ((ギリシア語:Φειδιππίδης), sometimes given as ''Phidippides'', by Herodotus and Plutarch, or as ''Philippides'') is the central figure in a story that was the inspiration for a modern sporting event, the marathon. Pheidippides is said to have run from Marathon to Athens to deliver news of a military victory against the Persians in the Battle of Marathon. ==The story== The first recorded account showing a courier running from Marathon to Athens to announce victory is from within Lucian's prose on the first use of the word "joy" as a greeting in ''A Slip of the Tongue in Greeting''. The traditional story relates that Pheidippides (530 BC–490 BC), an Athenian herald or ''hemerodrome''〔 (translated as "day-runner" (Kyle 2007), "courier" (Larcher 1806),〔Herodotus -(Herodotus, Volume 3 ) Leigh and S. Southeby, 1806 Retrieved 2012-04-08〕 "professional-running courier" (Sears 2003)〔 or "day-long runner" (Miller 2006)〔), was sent to Sparta to request help when the Persians landed at Marathon, Greece. He ran about in two days. He then ran the from the battlefield near Marathon to Athens to announce the Greek victory over Persia in the Battle of Marathon (490 BC) with the word νικῶμεν (''nikomen'' "We have won"), as stated by Lucian ''chairete, nikomen'' ("hail, we are the winners") to then collapse and die. Most accounts incorrectly attribute this story to the historian Herodotus, who wrote the history of the Persian Wars in his ''Histories'' (composed about 440 BC). However, Magill and Moose (2003) suggest that the story is likely a "romantic invention." They point out that Lucian is the only classical source to which all the elements existed of the story known in modern culture as the "Marathon story of Phillipedes": a messenger running from the fields of Marathon to announce victory, then dying on completion of his mission. Robert Browning gave a version of the traditional story in his 1879 poem ''Pheidippides''. ("Fennel-field" is a reference to the Greek word for fennel, ''marathon'', the origin of the name of the battlefield.) It was this poem which inspired Baron Pierre de Coubertin and other founders of the modern Olympic Games to invent a running race of 42 km called the marathon. In any case, no such story appears in Herodotus. The relevant passage of Herodotus (''Histories'', Book VI, 105...106 →〔()〕) is: The significance of this story is only understood in the light of the legend that the god Pan returned the favor by fighting with the Athenian troops and against the Persians at Marathon. This was important because Pan, in addition to his other powers, had the capacity to instill the most extreme sort of fear, an irrational, blind fear that paralysed the mind and suspended all sense of judgment – ''panic''. Herodotus, writing about 30 to 40 years after the events he describes, did, according to Miller (2006) in fact base his version of the battle on eyewitness accounts, so it seems altogether likely that Pheidippides was an actual historical figure, although the same source claims the classical author did not ever in fact mention a Marathon-Athens runner in any of his writings. Whether the story is true or not, it has no connection with the Battle of Marathon itself, and Herodotus's silence on the subject of a herald running from Marathon to Athens suggests strongly that no such event occurred. The first known written account of a run from Marathon to Athens occurs in the works of the Greek writer Plutarch (46–120), in his essay ''On the Glory of Athens''. Plutarch attributes the run to a herald called either Thersippus or Eukles. Lucian, a century later, credits one "Philippides." It seems likely that in the 500 years between Herodotus's time and Plutarch's, the story of Pheidippides had become muddled with that of the Battle of Marathon (particularly the story of the Athenian forces making the march from Marathon to Athens in order to intercept the Persian ships headed there), and some fanciful writer had invented the story of the run from Marathon to Athens. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pheidippides」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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