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Philosophaster
''Philosophaster'' is a Latin satirical comedy by Robert Burton. He began writing the play in 1606 and completed it by 1615.〔According to the title page of Burton's manuscript. Burton originally wrote 'Inchoata 1606' (begun) and changed the 'Inchoata' to 'Scripta' (written) later. See page xi of William E. Buckley's preface to his Roxburghe Club publication of ''Philosophaster, comoedia, nunc primum in lucem producta. Poemata, antehac sparsim edita, nunc in unum collecta / auctore Roberto Burtono'' 1862.〕 It was performed by students in the Hall of Christ Church, Oxford on 16 February 1618 (New Style〔The dates in the manuscripts of the play are in 'Old Style' in which the year ends on 31 March.〕). The play was not published in Burton's life-time and it remained in manuscript till 1862 when it was edited by William Edward Buckley and published by the Roxburghe Club. It was first translated into English by Paul Jordan-Smith and published by Stanford University Press, California in 1931.〔Holbrook Jackson in his Introduction to Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy, London: J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd., 1972, p. vi and footnote.〕
Since the play is about someone who pretends to be a philosopher, the term itself has been used in more recent times to refer to a pretender to philosophy.
== The Plot ==
A university is established by the Duke of Osuna in the small town of Osuna in Andalusia, Spain. The university is well-endowed and it offers salaries and other incentives for students and academics all over Europe. Unfortunately, as well as honest and reputable people, the new university also attracts 'philosophasters' or sham philosophers. These include confidence tricksters, fraudsters and others who are more interested in making money than in contributing to academic life. The play is about the havoc caused by these people and by prostitutes attracted to the town. The townspeople are outraged and The Duke is inclined to close the university down. However, two scholars persuade him not to do so. Instead he summons both the villains and the victims before a Tribunal. All the wrongs are righted and the villains are punished. The two scholars are put in charge of the university which is established on a better footing. The play ends with everyone singing a hymn in praise of philosophy.〔''Robert Burton's Philosophaster, with an English translation of the same. Together with his other minor writings in prose and verse.'' Translation, introduction and notes by Paul Jordan-Smith. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1931, pp. 5-9.〕
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