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Phlebotomus
''Phlebotomus'' is a genus of "sand flies" in the Diptera family Psychodidae. In the past, they have sometimes been considered to belong in a separate family, Phlebotomidae, but this alternative classification has not gained wide acceptance.〔(BDWD Family List )〕
==Epidemiology==
In the Old World, ''Phlebotomus'' sand flies are primarily responsible for the transmission of leishmaniasis,〔 an important parasitic disease, while transmission in the New World, is generally via sand flies of the genus ''Lutzomyia''. The protozoan parasite itself is a species of the genus ''Leishmania''. Leishmaniasis normally finds a mammalian reservoir in rodents and other small animals such as canids (canine leishmaniasis) and hyraxes. The female sand fly carries the ''Leishmania'' protozoa from infected animals after feeding, thus transmitting the disease, while the male feeds on plant nectar.
''Phlebotomus'' species are also vectors for bartonellosis, verruga peruana, pappataci fever, an arbovirus caused by sandfly fever viruses such as Naples and Sicilian strains, which are members of the genus ''Phlebovirus'' (family ''Bunyaviridae''), which also includes the closely related Toscana virus.
In Egypt, two species of medical importance are ''Phlebotomus papatasii'' and ''P. langerni''. These flies are short-lived. Females are bloodsuckers at night; males feed on plant juices. Adults are poor fliers, they usually hop for short distances.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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