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Pholidosauridae is an extinct family of aquatic neosuchian mesoeucrocodylian crocodylomorphs. Fossils have been found in Europe (Denmark, England, France, Germany, Spain and Sweden), Africa (Algeria, Niger, Mali, Morocco and Tunisia), North America (Canada and the United States) and South America (Brazil and Uruguay). The pholidosaurids first appeared in the fossil record during the Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic and went extinct during the Late Turonian stage of the Late Cretaceous.〔 ''Sarcosuchus'' is one of the best known pholidosaurs. It is believed to have attained lengths of up to 12 meters and weighed up to 8 tonnes. One genus, ''Suchosaurus'', once thought to be a pholidosaur,〔Carroll, R.L. 1988. ''Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution''. WH Freeman and Company, New York ISBN 0-7167-1822-7〕 has since been shown to be a spinosaurid theropod dinosaur.〔Buffetaut, E. (2007). "The spinosaurid dinosaur ''Baryonyx'' (Saurischia, Theropoda) in the Early Cretaceous of Portugal." ''Geological Magazine'', 144(6): 1021-1025.〕 ==Phylogeny== Pholidosauridae is usually considered to be most closely related to the Dyrosauridae. However, the relationship between these families is not fully understood. Pholidosauridae might be monophyletic, paraphyletic or even a polyphyletic in relation to Dyrosauridae. For example, Fortier, Perea & Schultz (2011) found the family to be monophyletic, and include to main lineages: the ''Elosuchus''–''Meridiosaurus'' lineage and the ''Pholidosaurus'' lineage. The cladogram below shows their phylogenetic analysis, which is based on an expanded version of Pol and Gasparini (2009) analysis.〔 |2= |2= }} |label2=Dyrosauridae |2= }} }} }} }} }} de Andrade ''et al.'' (2011) recovered a paraphyletic traditional Pholidosauridae. In their analysis the "''Elosuchus'' lineage" was found to be basal to the "''Pholidosaurus'' lineage"+Dyrosauridae. They used the name Elosuchidae for the ''Elosuchus'' lineage and restricted Pholidosauridae to its type genus. The following cladogram simplified after their analysis.〔 |2= |2= }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pholidosauridae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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