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Phonoscène
The Phonoscène was an antecedent of music video〔Keazor, Henry and Wübbena, Thorsten (eds). "Introduction" to ''Rewind, Play, Fast Forward: The Past, Present and Future of the Music Video'', transcript Verlag (2010) ISBN 978-3-8376-1185-4〕 and was regarded by Michel Chion, Noël Burch〔Burch, Noël. ''La Lucarne de l’infini. Naissance du langage cinématographique'' Paris, Nathan, 1991, chapter 10, p. 226, 5th footnote (quotation: "en puissance, le premier long métrage «parlant» !" ("in power, the first feature "talking" film !") English version: ''Life to those shadows'' University of California Press, Berkeley, BFI Londres, 1990〕 and Richard Abel as a forerunner of sound film. The first Phonoscènes were presented by Léon Gaumont in 1902 in France. The first official presentation in the United Kingdom took place at Buckingham Palace in 1907.〔Schmitt, Thomas. ''The Genealogy of Clip Culture'', in Henry Keazor and Thorsten Wübbena (eds.) ''Rewind, Play, Fast Forward: The Past, Present and Future of the Music Video'', transcript Verlag (2010), pp. 45 et seq., ISBN 978-3-8376-1185-4〕 The last phonoscène was presented in 1917.
== History ==
The Phonoscène was a forerunner of sound film. It combined a chronophone sound recording with a chronograph film shot with actors lip-synching to the sound recording. The recording and film were synchronized by a mechanism patented by Léon Gaumont in 1902. The first Phonoscènes were presented by Gaumont in 1902 in France.〔
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