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Phrateres ( ) is a philanthropic-social organization for female college students. == History == Phrateres was founded at UCLA in 1924 by the Dean of Women, Helen Matthewson Laughlin.〔(Dean of Women ) at UCLA from 1919 to 1946. UCLA (obituary ), including mention of Phrateres.〕 The intention was to bring "independent" women students (i.e. those not in dormitories or sororities) into a collective group for the purposes of socialization and philanthropy. However, the new group proved popular and soon membership was extended to any female student who wished to join. Members now included those who lived in dorms, commuted to campus, as well as members of sororities. Word spread to other colleges, especially those on the West Coast. The Beta Chapter〔 〕 was installed at the University of Washington in 1929. The 1930s saw the installation of ten more chapters: Gamma〔(Oregon State University Archives )〕 & Delta〔 〕 in 1930, Epsilon〔 〕 in 1931, Zeta〔 〕 in 1932, Eta〔 〕 in 1933, Theta〔 〕 & Iota〔 〕 in 1935, Kappa〔 〕 in 1936, Lambda in 1937, and Nu in 1939. Phrateres now had chapters in seven states and one province in Canada (Theta at the University of British Columbia would remain the only Canadian chapter from 1935 to 1961). The 1940s brought four more chapters: Xi〔 : "1941 ~ Rho Phi Sigma, a local women's social organization, becomes affiliated with the Xi chapter of Phrateres"〕 & Omicron〔(Augustana College Archives )〕 in 1941, Rho〔 〕 in 1942, and Sigma in 1945, for a total of sixteen Active collegiate chapters (the most ever at one time). However, from 1945 until the late 1950s, three of those chapters closed: Delta, Eta, and Omicron. Their chapter names were later reused for newly installed chapters at different schools in 1950 (Delta), 1958 (Eta〔 〕), and 1964 (Omicron). Along with those, the final four chapters were installed in the 1960s, including three more in Canada: Omega〔: "...Saturday, October 21, Omega Chapter of Phrateres will be installed in a formal candlelit ceremony. Eleven executive members of the Theta Chapter at U.B.C. will help..."〕 in 1961, Tau〔(Simon Fraser University Archives )〕 in 1966, Phi in the mid to late 1960s, and Psi in 1967. From the 1930s to the 1990s, conventions were held every one to two years, with members of the host chapter housing delegates from other chapters. Chapters could win awards, such as "Most Active Chapter" and "Best Scrapbook." The earliest known date of a chapter closing was the first Omicron in 1945〔Augustana College Archives〕 Only one other chapter closing is known with certainty: Lambda in 2000.〔 〕 Beta closed sometime in the 1970s〔UW Alumni Magazine article, June 1999〕 and the second Eta chapter is known to have closed in the 1990s〔Theta Chapter literature, early 2000s〕 (the first Eta Chapter was closed by 1958, but evidence of activity has only been found up to 1949〔 〕). Conflicting evidence either has Zeta closing in 1943〔Madison Times article, 2001〕 or the 1980s.〔Theta Chapter newsletter, 1985〕 Gamma also has two possible years: 1961〔Oregon State U. Archives〕 or 1968.〔Phrateres International Handbook, 1970s〕 Based on found documentation, the following chapters were Active as late as the year given: Xi〔 〕 in 1945, Iota〔 〕 in 1949, Epsilon〔 : lists member Jane Padilla.〕 in 1951, Kappa〔 : Kappa Chapter profile〕 in 1956, Sigma〔(Photo ) from Teacher Corps Interns history at UTEP, 1968-1972.〕 in 1968, Omega〔 : short piece on upcoming Clubs Day at UVic, "Phrateres Club is sponsoring a vivid booth..."〕 also in 1968, Psi〔(UC Irvine Archives ): Psi Chapter newsletter, ''Fritter's Funnies,'' (1969)〕 in 1969, Tau〔SFU Archives〕 in 1970, Alpha〔 : Alpha Chapter profile〕 in 1974, and Rho〔 El Rodeo Yearbook, USC, 1985〕 in 1985. Unfortunately, for five chapters, the closing year is unknown due to an almost total lack of documentation. The first Delta chapter was closed by 1950, when the second one was installed. As for the second Delta, Nu, the second Omicron, and Phi, the only chapter records are those of installations (but it is known that none of them were Active as of 1990).〔Theta Chapter newsletters, early 1990s〕 In the 1990s, only three Active collegiate chapters remained: Theta, Lambda, and the second Eta (the former in Canada; the latter two in Arizona, both of which were co-ed by this time〔 〕). Eta closed during that decade and Lambda closed in 2000. Now, the only Active collegiate chapter was Theta at the University of British Columbia (UBC). The Phrateres International Board saw little purpose to its own existence (being that only one Active chapter remained) and disbanded in 2001. As of 2015, the Theta Chapter still exists at UBC in the form of a self-governing (AMS ) (Alma Mater Society, UBC's student society) club. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Phrateres」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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