|
Phyletism or ethnophyletism (from Greek ἔθνος ''ethnos'' "nation" and φυλετισμός ''phyletismos'' "tribalism") is the principle of nationalities applied in the ecclesiastical domain: in other words, the conflation between Church and nation. The term ethnophyletismos designates the idea that a local autocephalous Church should be based not on a local () criterion, but on an ethnophyletist, national or linguistic one. It was used at the Holy and Great (''Meizon'' "enlarged" ) pan-Orthodox Synod in Constantinople on 10 September 1872 to qualify “phyletist (religious) nationalism,” which was condemned as a modern ecclesial heresy: the Church should not be confused with the destiny of a single nation or a single race. ==History== After their emancipation from Ottoman rule, the Balkan churches freely developed both their national identities and their religious life. Theological faculties were created in Athens, Belgrade, Sofia, and Bucharest. The Romanian Orthodox Church introduced the full cycle of the liturgical offices in vernacular Romanian. But these positive developments were often marred by nationalistic rivalries. The term phyletism was coined at the Holy and Great pan-Orthodox Synod that met in Istanbul (then Constantinople) in 1872. The meeting was prompted by the creation of a separate bishopric by the Bulgarian community of Istanbul for parishes only open to Bulgarians. It was the first time in Church history that a separate diocese was established based on ethnic identity rather than principles of Orthodoxy and territory. On 10 August 1872 the Synod issued an official condemnation of ecclesiastical racism, or “ethno-phyletism,” as well as its theological argumentation ;
In condemning "phyletism," the Synod in Constantinople had, in fact, defined a basic problem of modern Orthodoxy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Orthodox Christian Information Center: History of the Orthodox Church - The Orthodox Churches in the 19th Century )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Phyletism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|