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The Institute of Physics (IOP) is a scientific charity that works to advance physics education, research and application. It has a worldwide membership of around 50,000.〔 (IOP About uS )〕 The IOP supports physics in education, research and industry.〔(Institute of Physics Policy Activities )〕 In addition to this, the IOP provides services to its members including careers advice and professional development and grants the professional qualification of Chartered Physicist (CPhys), as well as Chartered Engineer (CEng) as a nominated body of the Engineering Council.〔(Becoming Chartered by the Institute )〕 The IOP's publishing company, IOP Publishing, publishes more than 70 academic journals and magazines.〔(IOP Publishing )〕 ==History== The Institute of Physics was formed in 1960 from the merger of the Physical Society, founded as the Physical Society of London in 1874, and the Institute of Physics, founded in 1920. The Physical Society of London had been officially formed on 14 February 1874 with John Hall Gladstone as its first president.〔 From its beginning, the society held open meetings and demonstrations and published ''Proceedings of the Physical Society''.〔 In the early part of the 20th century, the profession of "physicist" emerged, partly as a result of the increased demand for scientists during World War I. In 1917, the Council of the Physical Society, along with the Faraday Society, the Optical Society, London, and the Roentgen Society, started to explore ways of improving the professional status of physicists.〔 In 1920, the Institute of Physics was created under special license from the Board of Trade. Sir Richard Glazebrook was elected first President of the Institute.〔(Richard Glazebrook biography )〕 As with the Physical Society, dissemination of knowledge was fundamental to the Institute, which began publication of the ''Journal of Scientific Instruments'' in 1922.〔 The annual ''Reports on Progress in Physics'' began in 1934〔 and is still published today. In 1952, the Institute began the "Graduateship" course and examination, which ran until 1984 when the expansion of access to universities removed demand.〔 In 1960, the Physical Society and the Institute of Physics merged, creating the Institute of Physics and the Physical Society, which combined the learned society tradition of the Physical Society with the professional body tradition of the Institute of Physics.〔(Institute of Physics History )〕 Upon being granted a royal charter in 1970, the organization renamed itself to Institute of Physics.〔(Royal Charter of the Institute of Physics )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Institute of Physics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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