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''Phytolacca'' is a genus of perennial plants native to North America, South America, East Asia and New Zealand. Some members of the genus are known as pokeweeds or similar names such as pokebush, pokeberry, pokeroot or poke sallet.〔http://www.harlanfestivals.com/poke_sallet.htm Annual Poke Sallet Festival, Harlan, KY〕〔Ed Dinger "Allen Canning Company". International Directory of Company Histories. FindArticles.com. 15 Apr, 2011. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5202/is_2005/ai_n19123469/〕 Other names for species of ''Phytolacca'' include inkberry and ombú. The generic name is derived from the Greek word (''phyton''), meaning "plant," and the Latin word ''lacca'', a red dye. Phytolaccatoxin and phytolaccigenin are present in many species which are poisonous to mammals if not cooked properly. However, the berries are eaten by birds, which are not affected by the toxin because the small seeds with very hard outer shells remain intact in the digestive system and are eliminated whole. The genus comprises about 25 to 35 species of perennial herbs, shrubs, and trees growing from tall. They have alternate simple leaves, pointed at the end, with entire or crinkled margins; the leaves can be either deciduous or evergreen. The stems are green, pink or red. The flowers are greenish-white to pink, produced in long racemes at the ends of the stems. They develop into globose berries 4–12 mm diameter, green at first, ripening dark purple to black.〔''Flora of China'': (''Phytolacca'' )〕〔''Flora of North America'': (''Phytolacca'' )〕〔MacBride, J. F. (1937). ''Flora of Peru''. Publications of Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series. Volume XIII Part II pp. 553–556. University of Illinois. (Full text )〕 ==Selected species== The following species are accepted by one or more regional floras:〔〔〔〔Reiche, K. (undated). ''Flora de Chile'' Volume 6 pp. 143–145. (Full text )〕〔''Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar'': (''Phytolacca'' )〕 * ''Phytolacca acinosa'' Roxb. – Indian poke. Southern and eastern Asia (syn. ''P. esculenta'' Van Houtte, ''P. latbenia'' (Moq.) Walter). * ''Phytolacca americana'' L. – American pokeweed. North America (syn. ''P. decandra'' L.) * ''Phytolacca australis'' Phil. – Western South America * ''Phytolacca bogotensis'' Kunth – Tropical and subtropical South America (sometimes included in ''P. icosandra''〔). * ''Phytolacca chilensis'' Miers – central Chile (possibly synonymous with ''P. icosandra''〔) * ''Phytolacca dioica'' L. – Ombú. Subtropical South America. * ''Phytolacca dodecandra'' L'Hér. – Eastern Africa, Madagascar (syn. ''P. abyssinica'' Hoffm.). * ''Phytolacca heterotepala'' H.Walt. – Mexican pokeweed. Mexico, SW USA (California). * ''Phytolacca icosandra'' L. – Central and South America. * ''Phytolacca japonica'' Makino – Eastern Asia (syn. ''P. hunanensis'' Hand.-Mazz., ''P. zhejiangensis'' W.T.Fan). * ''Phytolacca octandra'' L. – Red inkplant. Subtropical and tropical regions worldwide (sometimes included in ''P. icosandra''〔). * ''Phytolacca polyandra'' Batalin – Central and southwest China (syn. ''P. clavigera'' W.W.Smith). * ''Phytolacca pruinosa'' Fenzl - Levantine Pokeweed. Southern Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon and Syria. * ''Phytolacca rivinoides'' Kunth & C.D.Bouché – Central and South America. * ''Phytolacca sandwicensis'' Endl. – Hawaiian Pokeweed. Hawaii. * ''Phytolacca thyrsiflora'' Fenzl ex J.A.Schmidt – Northern South America. * ''Phytolacca weberbaueri'' H.Walt. – Yumbi. Peru. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Phytolacca」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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