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The Picentes or Picentini () were an Italic tribe who lived in Picenum in the northern Adriatic coastal plain of ancient Italy. The endonym, if any, and its language are not known for certain. The definition of Picenum depends on the time period. The region between the Apennines and the Adriatic Sea south of Ancona (originally a Greek colony) was in Picenum during the entire early historic period. Between Ancona and Rimini to the north the population was multi-ethnic. In the Roman Republic it was Gallia Togata, but the Gauls were known to have combined or supplanted earlier populations. The ''ager Gallicus'', as it was called, was considered both Gaul and Picenum. Under the Roman Empire the coast south of Rimini was united or reunited with the country south of Ancona as Picenum. By then the only language spoken was Latin. From Ancona southward a language of the Umbrian Group was spoken, today called South Picene. It is attested mainly in inscriptions. Umbrian was an North of Ancona around Pesaro a totally different language is attested by four inscriptions, only one of any length, termed for convenience North Picene. The inscriptions are not understood, and it is not possible to ascertain the language's relationships, if any to other languages. Some authors without evidence have given it the Picene tag on the theory that it may represent an original language spoken in all of Picenum south of Rimini. ==Name== Edward Togo Salmon suggested that the endonym may be ''pupeneis'' "or something similar," an ethnic name used in four south Picene language inscriptions found near Ascoli Piceno. Later refinements of the argument connected it to the Latin name ''Poponius'', as in inscription TE 1 found near Teramo: :''apaes ...púpúnis nir'' :"Appaes ... a Poponian man" The connection between Poponian and Picentes, if any, remains obscure. The first document to mention the Latin name is the ''Fasti triumphales'', which record for 268/267 BC a triumph given to Publius Sempronius Sophus for a victory ''de Peicentibus'', "over the Picentes," where the -ei- is an Old Latin form. The entire group of Latin Picene words delivered subsequently appear to follow the standard rules for Latin word formation. The root is Pīc-, provenience and meaning yet unknown. The extended Pīc-ēn- is used to form a second-declension adjective, appearing in such phrases as ''Pīcēnus ager'', "Picene country," ''Pīcēnae olivae'', "Picene olives", and the neuter used as a noun, ''Pīcēnum''. These are not references to any people, *Pīcēni, but to the country. Pīcēni where it occurs is the genitive case of Pīcēnum and not a nominative plural; that is "of Picenum" and not "the Piceni." Similarly Pīcēnus used alone implies ''Pīcēnus ager'', the "Picene (country)" and does not mean one resident of Picenum. This adjective is never used of the people. For the people, a third-declension adjective stem is formed: Pīc-ent-, used in ''Pīcens'' and ''Pīcentes'', "a Picentine" and "the Picentines," which are nouns formed from the adjective. This adjective can be used of people or of other words, as well as in a second formation of the name of the country, ''Pīcentum''. From it comes a final name of the people, Pīcentini. The historical order in which these words appeared or whether they came from each other remains unknown. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Picentes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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