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Pikimachay
Piki Mach'ay (Quechua ''piki'' flea, ''mach'ay'' cave,〔Diccionario Quechua - Español - Quechua, Academía Mayor de la Lengua Quechua, Gobierno Regional Cusco, Cusco 2005 (Quechua-Spanish dictionary)〕 "flea cave", also spelled ''Pikimachay, Piquimachay'', where ''machay'' means "drunkenness", "to get drunk" or "a spindle packed with thread")〔〔 is an archaeological site in the Ayacucho Valley of Peru. Radiocarbon dates from this cave give a human presence ranging from 22,200 to 14,700 years ago,〔Jefferson 29〕 but this evidence has been disputed and a more conservative date 12,000 BCE seems possible.〔Duccio Bonavia, ''Perú, hombre e historia'', vol. I, p. 89.〕
Richard S. MacNeish was the first archaeologist to explore Piki Mach'ay.〔Saunders, Nick. ("The Civilising Influence of Agriculture." ) ''New Scientist.'' 13 June 1985: 18. (retrieved 4 June 2011)〕 Evidence of long-term human occupation has been found at the site, though that evidence still remains controversial.
The cave is part of the Ayacucho complex, a culture defined by several cave sites including Jaya Mach'ay ("pepper cave").〔("Ayacucho complex." ) ''Archaeology Wordsmith.'' (retrieved 3 June 2011)〕
==Artifacts==
Artifacts discovered in the site include unifacial chipped tools, such as basalt and chert tools, choppers, and projectile points, and bone artifacts of horses, camelids (''Camelidae''), giant sloths (''Megatherium'') dating from 15,000—11,000 BCE.〔〔Dillehay, ''The Settlement of the Americas''〕〔Humphrey and Stanford, ''Pre-Llano Cultures of the Americas''〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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