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This article presents a list of notable historical references to the name Palestine, and cognates such as "Filastin" and "Palaestina", throughout the history of the region. The term "Peleset" (transliterated from hieroglyphs as ''P-r-s-t'') is found in five inscriptions referring to a neighboring people or land starting from c.1150 BCE during the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt. The first known mention is at the temple at Medinet Habu which refers to the Peleset among those who fought with Egypt in Ramesses III's reign,〔〔 and the last known is 300 years later on Padiiset's Statue. Since 1822, scholars have connected the Egyptian "Peleset" inscriptions with the Philistines,〔(People of the sea: the search for the Philistines ), Trude Krakauer Dothan, Moshe Dothan, Macmillan, 1992, p22-23. Jean-François Champollion, in 1822, was the first to make this connection.〕 described in the Masoretic bible as "pelistim". The Assyrians called the same region "Palashtu/Palastu" or "Pilistu", beginning with Adad-nirari III in the Nimrud Slab in c.800 BCE through to an Esarhaddon treaty more than a century later.〔Sharon, 1988, p. 4.〕〔Carl S. Ehrlich "Philistines" ''The Oxford Guide to People and Places of the Bible''. Ed. Bruce M. Metzger and Michael D. Coogan. Oxford University Press, 2001.〕 Neither the Egyptian nor the Assyrian sources provided clear regional boundaries for the term.〔Eberhard Schrader wrote in his seminal "Keilinschriften und Geschichtsforschung" ("KGF", in English "Cuneiform inscriptions and Historical Research") that the Assyrian term "Pilistu" referred to "the East" in general. See (KGF p123-124 ) and (Tiglath Pileser III by Abraham Samuel Anspacher, p48 )〕 The Hebrew Bible identifies the land of the Philistines as a Pentapolis comprising five city-states—Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, and Gath, from Wadi Gaza in the south to the Yarqon River in the north, but with no fixed border to the east.〔.〕 The first clear use of the term Palestine to refer to the entire area between Phoenicia and Egypt was in 5th century BC Ancient Greece, when Herodotus wrote of a "district of Syria, called ''Palaistinê''" in ''The Histories'', which included the Judean mountains and the Jordan Rift Valley.〔The Southern and Eastern Borders of Abar-Nahara Steven S. Tuell Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 284 (Nov., 1991), pp. 51–57〕〔Herodotus' Description of the East Mediterranean Coast Anson F. Rainey Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 321 (Feb., 2001), pp. 57–63〕〔In his work, Herodotus referred to the practice of male circumcision associated with the Hebrew people: "the Colchians, the Egyptians, and the Ethiopians, are the only nations who have practised circumcision from the earliest times. The Phoenicians and the Syrians of Palestine themselves confess that they learnt the custom of the Egyptians.... Now these are the only nations who use circumcision." (The History of Herodotus )〕〔Beloe, W., Rev., ''Herodotus'', (tr. from Greek), with notes, Vol.II, London, 1821, p.269 "It should be remembered that Syria is always regarded by Herodotus as synonymous with Assyria. What the Greeks called Palestine the Arabs call Falastin, which is the Philistines of Scripture."〕〔(Elyahu Green, Geographic names of places in Israel in Herodotos ) This is confirmed by George Rawlinson in the third book (Thalia) of ''The Histories'' where ''Palaestinian Syrians'' are part of the fifth tax district spanning the territory from Phoenicia to the borders of Egypt, but excludes the ''kingdom of Arabs'' who were exempt from tax for providing the Assyrian army with water on its march to Egypt. These people had a large city called Cadytis, identified as Jerusalem.〕 In the treatise ''Meteorology'' c.340 BCE, Aristotle wrote, "''there is a lake in Palestine''". 〔Again if, as is fabled, there is a lake in Palestine, such that if you bind a man or beast and throw it in it floats and does not sink (Aristotle, Webster ed. 2004, p. 38)〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Meteorology By Aristotle )〕 〔Aristotle, ''Meteorology'' 1.8, trans. E.W. Webster, rev. J. Barnes.〕 This is understood by scholars to be a reference to the Dead Sea. Later Greek writers such as Polemon and Pausanias also used the word, which was followed by Roman writers such as Ovid, Tibullus, Pomponius Mela, Pliny the Elder, Dio Chrysostom, Statius, Plutarch as well as Roman Judean writers Philo of Alexandria and Josephus.〔 Other writers, such as Strabo, referred to the region as ''Coele-Syria'' ("all Syria") around 10-20 CE.〔〔 In 135 CE, the Greek "Syria Palaestina" was used in naming a new Roman province from the merger of Roman Syria and Roman Judaea after the Roman authorities crushed the Bar Kokhba Revolt. During the Byzantine period c.390, the imperial province of Syria Palaestina was reorganized into: Palaestina Prima, ''Palaestina Secunda'',〔 and ''Palaestina Salutaris''.〔Kaegi, 1995, p. 41.〕 Following the Muslim conquest, place names that were in use by the Byzantine administration generally continued to be used in Arabic.〔〔Marshall Cavendish, 2007, p. 559.〕 The use of the name "Palestine" became common in Early Modern English,〔Gudrun Krämer (2008) ''A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel'' Translated by Gudrun Krämer and Graham Harman Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-11897-3 p.16〕 was used in English and Arabic during the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem. In the 20th century the name was used by the British to refer to "Mandatory Palestine", a mandate from the former Ottoman Empire which had been divided in the Sykes–Picot Agreement.〔(The British Mandate over Palestine )〕 The term was later used in the eponymous "State of Palestine".〔('State Of Palestine' Name Change Ordered By Palestinian Authority President Abbas )〕 Both incorporated geographic regions from the land commonly known as Palestine, into a new state whose territory was named Palestine. ==Historical references== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Timeline of the name "Palestine"」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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