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Pinara
Pinara (Lycian: ''Pilleñni'', presumably from the adjective "round"; (ギリシア語:τὰ Πίναρα), formerly ''Artymnesus'' or ''Artymnesos'' according to one account) was a large ancient city of Lycia at the foot of Mount Cragus (now Mount Babadağ), and not far from the western bank of the River Xanthos, homonymous with the ancient city of Xanthos (now Eşen Stream).
The remains of several ancient temples can be seen in Pinara, as well as rock tombs including one "royal tomb", an upper and a lower acropolis, a theatre, an odeon, an agora and a church. The name Pinara has somewhat been assimilated to the name of the present-day village of Minare, half an hour below the ruins and depending Fethiye district of Muğla Province, Turkey.
==Name==
There was a cult of Pandarus, the Lycian hero of the Trojan War, in Pinara, which led some sources to conclude that he was a native of the city.〔Strabo xiv. 665; Stephanus of Byzantium s.v. ''Artymnesos''; Arrian, ''Anab.'' i. 24; Pliny the Elder, v. 28; Ptolemy v. 3. § 5; Hierocles p. 684.〕
According to the Lycian history of Menecrates, quoted by Stephanus of Byzantium〔Styephanus, ''s.v.'' Artymnesos ).〕 the city was a colony of Xanthos, its original name would be ''Artymnesos''. This name would have preceded the Lycian language name Pinara, derived from the form "Pilleñni" or "Pinale" meaning a "round hill" or simply "round", based on a hypothesis of interchange of liquid consonants. The town is indeed situated on such a great round mass of rock and a more or less circular crag towers over the ruins. Another source, Panyassis, also mentions an eponymous founder by name Pinarus, son of Tremiles or Termilus, and this account is viewed by some sources as unsubstantial as the rest relating to the precedence of names.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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