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A ''Pinge'' (pronounced "pinger", plural: ''Pingen'') or ''Binge'' ("binger") is the name given in German-speaking Europe to a wedge-, ditch- or funnel-shaped depression in the terrain caused by mining activity.〔Joachim Huske: ''Die Steinkohlenzechen im Ruhrrevier''. 3rd edition, German Mining Museum, Bochum, 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9〕 This depression or sink-hole is frequently caused by the collapse of old underground mine workings that are close to the Earth's surface.〔Walter Bischoff, Heinz Bramann, ''Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum'', In: ''Das kleine Bergbaulexikon''. 7th edn., Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen, 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7〕 Unlike natural landforms, a ''Pinge'' is a direct result of human activity.〔(Oliver Glasmacher: Pinge, Tagesbruch, Bergschaden? BGVR e.V. ) (accessed on 6 January 2012)〕 The term has no direct equivalent in English, but may be translated as "mining sink-hole", "mine slump" or, in some cases, as "glory hole". == Origin of the word == In the original sense of the word, the mining terms ''Pinge'' or ''Binge'' go back to the activity known as ''pingen'' which meant something like "prospecting". An ''aufgepingter'' lode was one near the surface of the ground. The ''Pinge'' was therefore like a primitive, open pit mine.〔Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: ''Die alten Zechen an der Ruhr''. 4th edn., Verlag Karl Robert Langewiesche, Nachfolger Hans Köster KG, Königstein i. Taunus, 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7.〕 Subsequently the term was transferred to the funnel-shaped depressions that formed at the surface above filled or collapsed mineshafts. In lode mining, shafts and pits followed the strike of the lode and left behind the typical lines of ''Pingen'' (''Pingenzüge'') associated with medieval mining that may still be seen, for example, in the Thuringian Forest, the Upper Harz Mountains, the Ore Mountains and the Eschweiler area in central Europe. Later on, the term ''Pinge'' was applied to many kinds of depression left in the terrain as a result of mining activity, including the holes left by opencast pits in surface mining or the cave-ins above underground mines. The latter occurred either as a result of the unexpected consequences of active mining (often associated with accidents or disasters) or the subsidence above abandoned mines. They were sometimes willingly and knowingly accepted, for example, when mining was carried out by a method known as block caving. A ''Pingenzug'' is a row of several ''Pingen'' in succession.〔(Giershagener Bergbauspuren: Pingenzug. ) (accessed on 6 January 2012)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pinge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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