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Pinnation
Pinnation (also called pennation) is the arrangement of feather-like or multi-divided features arising from both sides of a common axis. Pinnation occurs in biological morphology, in crystals,〔Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall. "Pigment Compendium: A Dictionary of Historical Pigments". Pub: Butterworth-Heinemann 2008. ISBN 978-0750689809〕 such as some forms of ice or metal crystals,〔Charles Seymour Wright, Raymond Edward Priestley. Glaciology. Pub: Harrison and Sons, for the Committee of the Captain Scott Arctic fund, 1922〕〔Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Volume 100, 1953, page 165: "The zinc is recovered electrolytically as "flake" powder consisting of pinnate crystals."〕 and in patterns of erosion or stream beds.〔Ravi P. Gupta. Remote Sensing Geology. Publisher: Springer 2003. ISBN 978-3540431855〕
The term derives from the Latin word ''pinna'' meaning "feather", "wing", or "fin". A similar concept is pectination, which is a comb-like arrangement of parts (arising from one side of an axis only). Pinnation is commonly referred to in contrast to palmation, in which the parts or structures radiate out from a common point. The terms ''pinnation'' and ''pennation'' are cognate, and although they are sometimes used distinctly, there is no consistent difference in the meaning or usage of the two words.〔Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Derivation and Accent; Published by Gerald Duckworth & Co. London, 4th ed 1928〕
==Plants==
Botanically, pinnation is an arrangement of discrete structures (such as leaflets, veins, lobes, branches, or appendages) arising at multiple points along a common axis. For example, once-divided leaf blades having leaflets arranged on both sides of a ''rachis'' are pinnately compound leaves. Many palms (notably the feather palms) and most cycads and grevilleas have pinnately divided leaves. Most species of ferns have pinnate or more highly divided fronds, and in ferns the leaflets or segments are typically referred to as "pinnae" (singular "pinna"). Plants with pinnate leaves are sometimes colloquially called "feather-leaved". Most of the following definitions are from Jackson's Glossary of Botanical Terms:〔
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