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Pinworm
The pinworm (genus ''Enterobius''), also known as threadworm (in the United Kingdom and Australasia) or seatworm, is a parasitic worm. It is a nematode (roundworm) and a common intestinal parasite or helminth, especially in humans.〔Encyclopædia Britannica.〕 The medical condition associated with pinworm infestation is known as enterobiasis〔Merriam-Webster: Enterobiasis〕 (a type of helminthiasis) or less precisely as oxyuriasis in reference to the family Oxyuridae.〔Merriam-Webster: Oxyuriasis〕
Throughout this article, the word "pinworm" refers to ''Enterobius''. In British usage, however, pinworm refers to ''Strongyloides'', while ''Enterobius'' is called threadworm.〔Vanderkooi 2000, p. B-152 & B-225〕
== Classification ==
The pinworm (genus ''Enterobius'') is a type of roundworm (nematode), and three species of pinworm have been identified with certainty.〔NCBI taxonomy database 2009〕 Humans are hosts only to ''Enterobius vermicularis'' (formerly ''Oxyurias vermicularis'').〔dpdx 2009〕 Chimpanzees are host to ''Enterobius anthropopitheci'', which is morphologically distinguishable from the human pinworm.〔Hasegawa et al. 2006〕 Hugot (1983) claims there is another species affecting humans, ''Enterobius gregorii'', which is supposedly a sister species of ''E. vermicularis'', and has a slightly smaller spicule (i.e., sexual organ).〔Hugot 1983〕 Its existence is controversial however; Totkova et al. (2003) consider there to be insufficient evidence,〔Totkova et al. 2003〕 and Hasegawa et al. (2006) contend that ''E. gregorii'' is a younger stage of ''E. vermicularis''.〔Hasegawa et al. 1998〕〔 Regardless of its status as a distinct species, ''E. gregorii'' is considered clinically identical to ''E. vermicularis''.〔
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