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Peisistratos (; ; died 528/7 BC), Latinized Pisistratus, the son of Hippocrates, was a ruler of ancient Athens during most of the period between 561 and 527 BC. His legacy lies primarily in his institution of the Panathenaic Festival, historically assigned the date of 566 B.C., and the consequent first attempt at producing a definitive version of the Homeric epics. Peisistratos' championing of the lower class of Athens, the Hyperakrioi, (see below) is an early example of populism. While in power, Peisistratos did not hesitate to confront the aristocracy, and he greatly reduced their privileges, confiscated their lands and gave them to the poor, and funded many religious and artistic programs.〔Shanaysha M. Furlow Sauls, The concept of instability and the theory of democracy in the "Federalist", p. 77〕 Peisistratus was the brother-in-law of Cleisthenes. However, Peisistratus was much older. Peisistratids is the common term for the three tyrants who ruled in Athens from 546 to 510 BC, namely Peisistratos and his two sons, Hipparchus and Hippias. ==Rise== Peisistratus was a distant relative of Solon from northern Attica. He had made a name for himself by capturing the port of Nisaea in nearby Megara by creating a successful coup in 564 BC. Peisistratus was backed by the Men of the Hill, the poorer and majority of the population. This victory opened up the unofficial trade blockage that had been contributing to food shortage in Athens during the past several decades.〔Sarah B. Pomeroy, Stanley M. Burstein, Walter Donlan, Jennifer Tolbert Roberts, David Tandy, Ancient Greece: a political, social, and cultural history(United States of America: 2012) Oxford University Press, New York, p191-2025〕 In the period after the Megaran defeat, several political factions competed for control in the government of Athens. These groups were both economically and geographically partitioned.〔Aristotle, ''The Athenian Constitution'', Part 13〕 *''Pedieis'' - Lycurgus led the Pedieis, the population that resided on the plains. These landowners produced grain, giving them leverage during the food shortage. *''Paralioi'' - Paralioi were the population living along the coast. Led by Megacles, an Alcmaeonid, the Paralioi party was not as strong as the Pedieis, primarily because they could not produce grain, as did the plainsmen. With the Megarans patrolling the sea, much of Athens' import/export power was limited. *''Hyperakrioi'' - The last group of people, who were not previously represented by formal party, dwelled primarily in the hills and were by far the poorest of the Athenian population. Their only production was barter in items like honey and wool. Peisistratos organized them into the Hyperakrioi, or hill dwellers. This party grossly outnumbered the other two parties combined. His role in the Megaran conflict gained Peisistratos popularity in Athens, but he did not have the political clout to seize power. Herodotus tells us how he intentionally wounded himself and his mules in order to demand from the Athenian people bodyguards for protection, which he received. By obtaining support from the vast number of the poorer population as well as bodyguards, he was able to seize the Acropolis and the reins of government. The Athenians were open to a tyranny similar to that under Solon -- and possible stability and internal peace --and Pisistratus' ruse won him further prominence. With this in his possession, and the collusion of Megacles and his party, he declared himself tyrant.〔Aristotle, ''The Athenian Constitution'', Part 13; Herodotus, ''The Histories'', 1.59; Plutarch, “Life of Solon”, in ''Plutarch’s Lives'' (London: Printed by W. M'Dowell for J. Davis, 1812), 185.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peisistratos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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