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Pithom
Pithom ((ヘブライ語:פתם)) also called Per-Atum or Heroöpolis or Heroonopolis〔(''Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt'' ), Kathryn A. Bard, ed. Routledge, 1999. p. 1144 ISBN 0203982835〕 (Greek: or ) was an ancient city of Egypt. Multiple references in ancient Greek, Roman,〔Strabo xvi. 759, 768, xvii. 803, 804; Arrian, ''Exp. Alex.'' iii. 5, vii. 20; Joseph. ''Ant. Jud.'' ii. 7. § 5; Plin. v. 9. § 11, vi. 32. § 33; Mela, iii. 8; Steph. B. ''s. v.''; Ptol. ii. 1. § 6, iv. 15. § 54〕 and biblical sources exist for this city. The exact location of this city remains somewhat uncertain. A number of scholars identified it as the modern archaeological site of ''Tell-el-Maskhuta''.〔Ann E. Killebrew, (Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity ), Atlanta GA 2005, p. 152〕 Others say that the site is identified with ''Tell er-Retabeh'',〔T.C. Mitchell, (Biblical Archaeology: Documents for the British Museum ), Cambridge University Press, p. 40.〕 while the 10th century Jewish scholar, Saadia Gaon, identified the place in his Judeo-Arabic translation of the Pentateuch as el-Fayyum, a place located southwest of Cairo.〔Saadia Gaon, ''Tafsir'' (Judeo-Arabic translation of the Pentateuch), Exodus 1:11〕 ==The name==
This name comes from Hebrew פתם ''Pithom'' which was taken from the Late Egyptian name *Pi-ʔAtōm (< *Par-ʔAtāma) 'House of Atum'. Atum, a solar deity, was one of the major gods of ancient Egypt, and a sun-god of Heliopolis.
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