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Pitsea is a small town in the east of the Basildon district of south Essex, England. It comprises five sub-districts: Eversley, Northlands Park Neighbourhood (Previously known as Felmores), Chalvedon, Pitsea Mount and Burnt Mills. During the creation of the new town of Basildon in the late 1940s and early 1950s, "Pitsea" and "Vange" were considered as names for the new town. Because Basildon village was central to the district, the town was named "Basildon". Before the new town regeneration, Pitsea and Vange were run down in need of investment. Basildon, on the other hand, was a small village with a church (which still stands today as Holy Cross church) and a few cottages. == History == There is little known history about Pitsea but its earliest recorded name is Piceseia which was in 1086 and probably recorded as this in the Domesday Book. This however has changed over the years to many different names including: Pichesey(e), Pikeseye, Pithesey, Petchesey(e), Pisseye, Pitchesey, Pytsay, Pittessey, Pytchey, Pitsey 〔T.C.Chisendale - Transaltion of Domeday Book〕 and finally to what it is now Pitsea. It is thought however that all the names are derived from the meaning of Pics' Island, which refers to the area now known as Pitsea Mount. Chalvedon, which is part of Pitsea has also been known under different guises. In its earliest form it was known as Chauendona meaning Calves Hill this was first recorded in 1119. Other names include: Chaluedona, Chaluedene, Calueden and Callwedone before it ended up being Chalvedon. Great Chalvedon Hall still stands, now operating as a pub, and was completed some time in the 16th Century. During the building of the new town Chalvedon became a housing estate in the west of Pitsea and the local secondary school had taken that name (now Basildon Academy - Chalvedon merged with Barstable School). Pitsea was connected by the new London, Tilbury and Southend line in 1855. Next to the station is Cromwell Manor, previously Pitsea Hall, which dates from the 15th century. The arrival of the railway saw land around Pitsea bought and sold off piecemeal by companies like Protheroe and Morris, London who used tactics of free rail tickets and champagne auctions to convince East Londoners of the plotland dream.〔http://raincoatoptimism.wordpress.com/2010/10/05/a-brief-history-of-pitsea-and-the-ideology-of-urban-regeneration/〕 It was not until 1925 that planned development took place, when local entrepreneur Harold George Howard built The Railway Hotel (now demolished). He continued the development with The Broadway Cinema (closed 1970 re-opened as a bingo hall closed 2009 - currently empty) in 1930, along with Tudor Chambers and Anne Boleyn Mansions (home to TSB Bank). He also built Howard Crescent and Park which still exist to this day. Also in 1925, the famous Pitsea market first opened.〔http://www.basildon.com/history/pitsea/pitsea.html〕 Further major development of Pitsea did not take place until the 1960s when the new town redevelopment of Basildon took shape. Pitsea market was moved from its original location in Station Lane in 1969 to Howards Field, to make way for the construction of South Mayne. Pitsea was cut in half in the 1970s by the construction of the new A13 flyover (opened 1973), with Pitsea Mount separated from the rest of the town. In 1976 Pitsea's new town centre was opened along Northlands Pavement (previously Northlands Drive), with Sainsburys being the anchor store along with a new office block called Pembroke House, and was quickly followed by the new Pitsea Swimming Pool (demolished 2013). In 1978 Tesco opened what was at the time the largest supermarket in Europe 〔http://raincoatoptimism.wordpress.com/2010/10/05/a-brief-history-of-pitsea-and-the-ideology-of-urban-regeneration/〕 and would eventually become the first Tesco Extra store in 1997.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A History of TESCO - Meat Trae news Daily - p.12 May 2012 )〕 Also in 1978 Pitsea Market moved for a second time, re-located behind the Railway Hotel and in front of the Sainsbury Supermarket (the second market place became a car park). The next major development occurred in 1981 when the Pitsea centre opened - a leisure centre and library opposite Pitsea swimming pool, while a new Leisure centre at Eversely was opened in 1987. 1995 saw the opening of the Old Market Retail park on the second market place, though part of this was destroyed by fire in 2006 and had to be rebuilt again in 2007. Sainsburys moved out of Pitsea Town Centre to a new location at Nethermayne, built on the former sports ground of Carreras Cigarette factory. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pitsea」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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